Conservation Diver Course Conservation Diver Course 1 Inhoud 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Taxonomy ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 What is taxonomy? .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 A brief history of taxonomy ............................................................................................................. 9 2.4 Scientific names ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.5 The hierarchical system of classification ....................................................................................... 12 2.5.1 Species ................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5.2 Genus ..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5.3 Family .................................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.4 Order ..................................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.5 Class ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.6 Phylum ................................................................................................................................... 16 2.5.7 Kingdom ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.6 Tree of Life ..................................................................................................................................... 17 2.7 Major groups of living organisms .................................................................................................. 17 2.7.1 Prokaryotes............................................................................................................................ 18 2.7.2 Fungi ...................................................................................................................................... 19 2.7.3 Protoctista ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.7.4 Plants ..................................................................................................................................... 21 2.7.5 Animals .................................................................................................................................. 22 3 The moving world .......................................................................................................................... 34 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 Abiotic factors. .............................................................................................................................. 34 3.3 The rotating earth ......................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Ebb and flood ........................................................................................................................ 35 3.3.2 Day and night ......................................................................................................................... 40 3.3.3 The Coriolis force ................................................................................................................... 41 3.4 Gulf streams .................................................................................................................................. 42 3.4.1 The earth around the sun ...................................................................................................... 45 3.4.2 The movements of the earth ................................................................................................. 49 4 Biodiversity: Threats, Actions And Conservation .......................................................................... 51 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 51 4.2 Humans, the cause of environmental problems ........................................................................... 52 4.3 Developing insight ......................................................................................................................... 53 Conservation Diver Course 2 4.4 Some topics in a bird's eye view.................................................................................................... 56 4.4.1 Global warming ..................................................................................................................... 56 4.4.2 Pollution of the Oceans ......................................................................................................... 58 4.5 How to behave .............................................................................................................................. 68 4.6 Literature ....................................................................................................................................... 70 5 How To Turn The Tide ................................................................................................................... 71 5.1 Increasing insight ........................................................................................................................... 71 5.2 Changing attitude .......................................................................................................................... 71 6 WORLDWIDE DIVING ..................................................................................................................... 76 6.1 Northwest Coast Europe ............................................................................................................... 77 6.1.1 General Description geology and geography ........................................................................ 77 6.1.2 Ecology................................................................................................................................... 80 6.1.3 Diving ..................................................................................................................................... 87 6.1.4 Threats ................................................................................................................................... 87 6.1.5 Research and education ........................................................................................................ 90 6.2 Mediterranean .............................................................................................................................. 91 6.2.1 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 91 6.2.2 Ecology................................................................................................................................... 92 6.2.3 Diving ..................................................................................................................................... 97 6.2.4 Special groups ........................................................................................................................ 98 6.2.5 Protection and information ................................................................................................... 98 6.3 Red Sea ........................................................................................................................................ 101 6.3.1 Geography ........................................................................................................................... 101 6.3.2 Ecology................................................................................................................................. 102 6.3.3 Diving ................................................................................................................................... 108 6.3.4 Special groups: the filter feeders ........................................................................................ 110 6.3.5 Research and information ................................................................................................... 114 6.3.6 Threats and protection ........................................................................................................ 114 6.4 Caribbean Sea .............................................................................................................................. 118 6.4.1 Geography ........................................................................................................................... 118 6.4.2 General Description biology ...............................................................................................