ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS IN CENTRAL ASIA APPLICATION OF UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CLASSIFICATION FOR RESOURCES This report is prepared by: Kyrgyzstan: Mr. Arkady Rogalsky, Mr. Azamat Shorukov Kazakhstan: M.K.Absametov, Ye.Zh.Murtazin, S.V. Osipov, D.S.Sapargaliyev, Mr. Georgiy Freiman, Mr. Kuanysh Makazhanov and Mr. Viktor Babashev Tajikistan: Mr. Sharifkhon Pirnazarov and Mr. Rahmonbek Bakhtdavlatov Uzbekistan: Mr. Azimjon Kholikov and Mr. Jakhongir Movlanov UNECE, October 2020 2 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 Natural resources of Central Asia: Challenges and opportunities ........................................................................... 7 United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) ............................................................................ 9 Kyrgyzstan .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Uzbekistan ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Turkmenistan ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN KYRGYZSTAN ........................................................................................ 19 Role of energy and minerals production in national economy ............................................................................. 20 Government policies and programmes in energy and mineral resources ............................................................ 21 Classification and management framework for energy and mineral resources .................................................... 24 Energy and mineral resource endowments ........................................................................................................... 27 Annual production, trade, review of current status and outlook.......................................................................... 31 Social and environmental aspects of energy and mineral production .................................................................. 35 Technological efficIency and innovation ............................................................................................................... 37 Data and knowledge management ....................................................................................................................... 38 UNFC Case study .................................................................................................................................................... 42 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN........................................................................................ 75 Role of energy and minerals production in national economy ............................................................................. 76 Government policies and programmes in energy and mineral resources ............................................................ 76 Classification and management framework for energy and mineral resources .................................................... 81 Energy and mineral resource endowments ........................................................................................................... 84 Annual production, trade, review of current status and outlook.......................................................................... 84 Energy production ................................................................................................................................................. 88 Social and ecological aspects of energy and mineral resources production ......................................................... 90 Technical efficiency and innovations ..................................................................................................................... 91 Data and knowledge management ....................................................................................................................... 92 UNFC Case study .................................................................................................................................................... 94 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN TAJIKISTAN ......................................................................................... 132 Role of energy and minerals production in national economy ........................................................................... 133 Government policies and programmes in energy and mineral resources .......................................................... 134 Classification and management framework for energy and mineral reserves/resources .................................. 138 3 Energy and mineral resources endowments ....................................................................................................... 145 Annual production, trade, review of the current state and prospects ................................................................ 146 Social and environmental aspects of energy and minerals production .............................................................. 150 Technological efficiency and innovations ............................................................................................................ 151 Data and knowledge management ..................................................................................................................... 152 UNFC Case study .................................................................................................................................................. 153 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN ....................................................................................... 185 Role of energy and minerals production in national economy ........................................................................... 185 Government policies and programmes in energy and mineral resources .......................................................... 188 Classification and management framework for energy and mineral resources .................................................. 191 Energy and mineral resource endowments ......................................................................................................... 193 Annual production, trade, review of current status and outlook........................................................................ 201 Social and environmental aspects of energy and minerals production .............................................................. 207 Technological efficiency and innovations ............................................................................................................ 207 Data and knowledge management ..................................................................................................................... 207 UNFC Case study .................................................................................................................................................. 209 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN TURKMENISTAN ................................................................................. 231 Energy and mineral resources ............................................................................................................................. 231 Alignment to Sustainable Development Goals .................................................................................................... 234 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 236 Kyrgyz Republic .................................................................................................................................................... 236 Kazakhstan ........................................................................................................................................................... 239 Tajikistan .............................................................................................................................................................. 241 Uzbekistan ........................................................................................................................................................... 243 Turkmenistan ....................................................................................................................................................... 244 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................... 245 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project “Improving national capacities of Central Asian countries to harmonize and implement