UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA COMISIÓN DE MEMORIA DE GRADO APLICACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE ESTIMULACIÓN VISO-ESPACIAL EN NIÑOS Y NIÑAS DE EDAD MATERNAL Trabajo de Grado presentado como requisito parcial para optar al Titulo de Licenciada en Educación Mención: Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación Autor: Br. Anny Y. Escalona R Tutor: Dr. José R. Prado P. Mérida, Junio de 2010 DEDICATORIA A Dios todo poderoso Rey de Reyes, por darme vida y salud, por permitirme innumerables experiencias y por permitir cumplir esta meta que es el inicio de muchas más. A mi Mami, por ser el ser que me dio la vida, mi principal apoyo, mi gran amiga y por darme ese magnifico ejemplo de constancia y dedicación antes las dificultades que se nos presentan en el camino. Eres y serás la persona que más respeto y admiro como mujer. A mi Papi, por ser tan comprensivo, por ser un gran apoyo y ayudarme en lo económico para alcanzar mi meta eres el ser mas especial a quien respeto. ¡Este triunfo es para ustedes! ¡Los amo! A Eusebio Albornoz por estar en las buenas y en las malas a mi lado, por ser un apoyo incondicional en unas de mis metas a lograr juntos, este es uno de tantos sueños por alcanzar mi vida ¡Te Amo! A mis Hermanos y Hermanas Giovanny, Marluy, Vicky y Rosanny gracias por sus consejos, cariño y su apoyo. Espero este triunfo los llene de orgullo hoy y siempre. ¡Los quiero muchísimo! A mis sobrinos y Sobrinas Giovanny Enrique, Dheivy José, Gabriel Manuel, Ariana, Darianny, Rosangela y Florangela que son muy importantes para mí. En especial a mi bebé Giomar Alfonso inspirador de muchas metas en mi vida a todos que Dios los bendiga y los haga personas de bien. Espero este triunfo sea de ejemplo a seguir. ¡Los adoro! A mi Cuñada y hermana Lic. Angela de Escalona por sus consejos, su apoyo y por ser ejemplo a seguir. A mi Cuñado Darío Guillén por tenderme sus manos y ayudarme en lo que estuvo a su alcance, por su cariño y apoyo incondicional. Al Dr. José Rafael Prado Pérez gran amigo de la familia, hombre ejemplar que me inspira seguir adelante, que el camino es muy largo pero no imposible de llegar a una de las grandes metas de mi vida. Y a todas esas personas que de una u otra forma han confiado en mi y me han apoyado y han hecho posible este logro durante mi vida y mi carrera como estudiante. ¡Mil gracias a todos! Anny Y. Escalona R. AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco a Dios por darme salud, bienestar, sabiduría, paciencia y ayudarme a elegir el mejor camino y por permitir lograr esta meta tan anhelada que es principio de muchas en mi carrera profesional. A mi Mami y a mi Papi por su confianza, apoyo incondicional y sus valiosos consejos que siempre me han ayudado. A Eusebio Albornoz por estar a mi lado, que con sus palabras y amor me ha dado fuerzas y felicidad para cumplir esta meta. ¡Te Amo! A la Ilustre Universidad de los Andes por ser la casa de estudios donde tuve la oportunidad de desarrollar por medio de los profesores y compañeros una serie de conocimientos y habilidades que me servirán a lo largo de mi desempeño profesional, en especial a la Facultad de Humanidades y Educación y al Departamento de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación. Al Dr. José Rafael Prado Pérez por su grandiosa orientación, paciencia, dedicación, cariño, apoyo y por guiarme de una manera satisfactoria para el cumplimiento de varias cátedras y en especial por permitir ser mi tutor. Anny Y. Escalona R. ÍNDICE GENERAL pp. DEDICATORIA······························································································ AGRADECIMIENTO······················································································ ÍNDICE GENERAL························································································ LISTA DE CUADRO······················································································ LISTA DE GRAFICOS ·················································································· LISTA DE ACTIVIDADES·············································································· RESUMEN····································································································· INTRODUCCIÓN··························································································· CAPÍTULO I. EL PLAN GENERAL·················································································· Presentación y Definición············································································· Justificación·································································································· Objetivos······································································································· Objetivo General················································································ Objetivos Específicos········································································· Metodología·································································································· Tipo de Investigación········································································· Muestra······························································································ Técnica e Instrumentos de Recolección de Datos···························· II. MARCO REFERENCIAL CONCEPTUAL················································ Antecedentes······························································································· Bases teóricas··················································································· Educación Inicial··············································································· Niveles de la Educación Inicial: Maternal y Preescolar···················· Atención Educativa Convencional···················································· Atención Educativa no Convencional··············································· Objetivos de la Educación Inicial······················································ Educación en el Nivel Maternal························································ Edad Maternal·················································································· La Estimulación Temprana······························································· Ambiente de aprendizaje·································································· Desarrollo motor··············································································· Las Capacidades y Habilidades Infantiles de acuerdo con la Edad································································································· Psicomotricidad················································································ Esquema corporal········································································ Coordinación Motora Fina···························································· Coordinación Motora Gruesa······················································· Equilibrio······················································································ Coordinación Viso-Espacial······························································ Concentración Mental······································································· Patología de la Concentración····················································· El estimulo de la Concentración··················································· La Atención······················································································· Clasificación ················································································ Patologías··················································································· Bases Legales·················································································· III. MARCO REFERENCIAL ORGANIZACIONAL······································· Centro de Educación Inicial Bolivariano “El Llano”······································ IV. EXAMEN DE LA SITUACIÓN································································ V. PROGRAMA DE ESTIMULACION VISO-ESPACIAL····························· VI. EVALUACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA·························································· VII. EVALUACIÓN DEL PROCESO···························································· VIII. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES······································· REFERENCIAS··························································································· ANEXOS······································································································ LISTA DE CUADRO CUADRO pp. 1 Datos observados a través de la aplicación del Programa de Estimulación Viso-espacial···································································· 2 Estrategias para las Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades y Amenazas······························································································· 3 Cronograma de Aplicación de un Programa de Estimulación Viso – Espacial para Niños y Niñas de Edad Maternal······································ LISTA DE GRAFICOS GRAFICO pp. 1 Variables generales observadas durante la aplicación del programa de estimulación Viso – espacial······························································ 2 Relación en la Actividad Nº 1 “Juguete de madera para empujar” por los sujetos en estudio··············································································· 3 Relación en la Actividad Nº 2 “La dicha de ser pelota” por los sujetos en estudio·································································································