KENNETH 1. BRAY: HIS CONTRiBUTlON TO MUSIC EDUCATION Susanne L. Thomas Faculty of Music Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Faculty of Graduate Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario October 1997 Q Susanne L. Thomas 1998 National Library Bibiiithèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services se- bibliographiques 395 wellbrgton Street 395. Ne Wellington OttawaON K1AW OttawaON KIAW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distniute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic fonnats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract This historical study documents the life, career and numerous contributions made to music education by Kenneth I. Bray (1 91 9 - ) since 1950. A framework of historical information into which Bray's activities have been placed is included so that the evolution of music education in Ontario, with emphasis from 1935 to the present, is also documented. Bray's formative years at Belleville Collegiate, his service with the RCAF in Wodd War Two, and his teaching positions in the District of Muskoka, at Riverdale Collegiate and the Ontario College of Education in Toronto, and at the University of Western Ontario in London are discussed. Bray's involvement with OMEA, CMEA and ISME is examined. The growth of the Kodaly approach in Canada is discussed, and its influence upon Bray. Individuals who strongly influenced Bray are discussed. These include Ross Hunter, Richard Johnston, G. Roy Fenwick, Dawson Woodburn and llona Bartalus. Keywords: Kodaly, OMEA (Ontario Music Educators' Association), CMEA (Canadian Music Educators' Association), ISME (International Society of Music Educators), RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force), music education Dedication This work is dedicated to my husband, Kent, and to our three children, Andy, Jay and Colleen. Your constant patience, support, love and encouragement have guided me through this project to its cornpletion. 1 can't thank you enough. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank both Dr. Paul Woodford, principal advisor for this work, whose patience and excellent advice have contributed significantly to this study and Dr. Robert Wood, second reader, whose guidance and recommendations have been invaluable. Above all, a very special and heartfelt thanks is extended to Kenneth Bray, who from the very beginning of this work gave most graciously of his time and energy. Thank you for allowing me to share in your very interesting life, so that others may corne to know you better, too. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Certificate of Examination ii Abstract iii Dedication iv Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vi List of Tables xi List of Appendices xii 1 INlRODUCTfON Justification For This Study An Overview of Kenneth Bray's Life and Career as a Music Educator Organization 2 FORMATIVE YEARS (1 91 9-1 950) Music Education in Ontario Prior to 1 935 Teacher Training Me thodology Department of Education Initiatives, Music In Belleville, On tario Kenneth Bray: Earfy Years (1 9 1 9-1 938) Belleville Collegiate Ross Hunter Kenne th Bray a t Belle ville Collegiat e 28 George Maybee 31 G. Roy Fenwick 33 District of Muskoka, Ontario (1 938-40) Townships of Medora-Wood, Bala, Port Carling and Milford Bay The Summer Music Course in Toronto Bray as ltinerant Music Supervisor The Summer Music Course in London Royal Canadian Air Force (1940-46) University of Toronto (7 946-49) Richard Johnston Ontario College of Education ( 1 949-50) 3 RIVERDALE COLLEGIATE (1 9 50-1 96 1 ) Secondary School Music in Ontario Prior to 1950 Music at North Toronto Collegiate Riverdale Collegiate Dawson Woodbum Music at Riverdale Collegiate Kenneth Bray at Riverdale Collegiate (1 950- 1 9 6 7) Eariy Arrangements for Band and Orchestra Eady Choral Arrangements For Young Musicians For Young Musicians, Volume 1 : Contents Master of Music Program, Eastman School of Music Other Pro fessional A ctivities While a t Riverdale Ontario Music Educa tors ' Association Kenneth Bray and the OMEA vii ln ter-relationship be t ween OMEA and Bray's Publications ( 1 950-6 1 ) Summary 4 ONTARIO COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (1 96 1 -69) Transition From Riverdale Changes in Music Education Kenneth Bray at the Ontario College of Education: (1 961 -69) Publications Band, Orchestra and Choir For Young Musicians, Volume Two For Young Musicians, Volume Two : Contents Music For Young Canada Music For Young Canada - Contents Bray's Involvement With Pro fessional Organizations OMEA and CM&A Canadian Association of University Schools of Music (CAUSM) The Rise of International Influences in Music Education: Orff and Kodaiy Orff Schulwerk Kodaly Approach Kenneth Bray and the Kodaly Approach The New Approach to Music Summary viii 5 THE UNlVERSiTY OF WESTERN ONTARIO AND BEYOND (1 969-1 997) The UWO Faculty of Music College of Music Faculty of Music Music Education at UWO Kenneth Bray at the University of Western Ontario (1 969-84) Publica t ions For Young Musicians Workbooks Solos for Schools Solos for Schools: Contents Encyclopedia of Music in Canada Bray's Professional Activities While at the UWO Bray as Performer Kenneth Bray and OMEA Kenneth Bray and CMEA Kenneth Bray and /SM€ Kenneth Bray and the Kodm Concept of Music Education llona Barlalus at the UWO Kodsly at the UWO after 7 980 Kenneth Bray, Professor Emeritus (7 984 - ) Summary 6 CONCLUSION Bray's Contributions to Music Education Bray as Teacher Bray as Composer and Arranger Bray's Involvement with Professional Organiza tions Bray as Author Summation Recornmendations for Further Research Appendices References Vita LIST OF TABLES Table Description Page 1 The Orchestral Choir ............................................................... 83 2 An Example of K. 1. Bray's Orchestration Formula for the Orchestral Choir ............................................................ 85 3 An Example of K. 1. Bray's Orchestration Formula for the Band Choir... ........................................................................ 8 6 4 ForYoungMusicians,VolumeOne: Summary of Contents............... ...m......................................... 95 5 For Young Musicians, Volume One: Summary of Contents (Continued) ................................. 96 6 For Young Musicians, Volume Two: Summary of Contents............. ........ .................................. 1 29 7 For Young Musicians, Volume Two: Summary of Contents (Continued) .................................... 130 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Description Page Selected Published Choral Works of Kenneth 1. Bray............... .... ...... .............. .... ................ 235 Selected Published Band and/or Orchestral Works of Kenneth 1. Bray ............... ......... ........... ...... ......-...-........ 237 Selected Unpublished Works for Band/Orchestra or Choir of Kenneth 1. Bray............... 239 Music Theory/Publications of Kenneth 1. Bray .......... 240 Music for Young Canada 3 (Gage, 1967) : Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray ................. .... ............... 241 Music for Young Canada 4 (Gage, 1967): Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray .................................... 242 Music for Young Canada 5 (Gage, 1 969): Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray ......................... ............ 243 Music for Young Canada 6 (Gage, 1969): Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray......................... ........... 244 Music for Young Canada 7 (Gage, 1969): Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray .................................... 245 Music for Young Canada 8 (Gage, 1 969): Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray ............... ........ .............. 245 x ii LIST OF APPENDICES (Continued) Appendix Description Page Reflections of Canada (Frederick Harris, 1 985): Volume OnePine Tree Gently Sigh Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray ..................................... 246 Reflections of Canada (Frederick Harris, 1 986): Volume Two The RaRsmen Contributions by Kenneth I. Bray ................................... Reflections of Canada (Frederick Harris, 1 987): Volume ThreeTwas in the Moon of Wintertime Contributions by Kenneth 1. Bray................................... Samples from RCAF Shows uBlackouts" and UAll Clear" .............................................................................. xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The career of Kenneth 1. Bray (b. 191 9 - ) as composer, arranger, performer, teacher and Professor Emeritus of the Faculty of Music, the University of Western Ontario, has spanned more than fifty years. While perhaps best known for band and orchestral arrangements of O Canada and as CO-authorof the music theory and history textbooks For Young Musicians, Volumes One and Two, Bray has produced numerous works of vocal and instrumental music for every level of school musician-frorn songbook series for use in primary grades to choral and instrumental arrangements performed by select