C UINR-M-90-002 C2 EIMMT55 CSI» SelSraat Ihpository EDITORS Christopher M Dewees and Edward Ueber ~ A I'uhIieation of the C aiifornia Sea Irant Coiieg< ~ The California Sea Grant College is a statewide, multiuniversity program of marine research, education, and advisory services, administered by the Universityof Califorii, SeaGrant-sponsored research contributes to the growing bodyof knowledgeabout our coastaland ocean resources and, consequently,to the solutionof many marine-relatedproblems facing our society. Throughits MarineExtension Program, Sea Grant transfers informationand technology developed in researchefforts to a widecommunity of interestedparties and actual users of marine informationand technology,not onlyin Californiabut throughout the nation. SeaGrant also supportsa broad range of educationalprograms for universitystudents, public school teachers and students, and the general public so that our coastal and ocean resources can be understoodand usedjudiciously by this and future generations. ROSEMARY A MIDEI COMM UNICA TIONS COORDINATOR I Publishedby theCalifornia Sea Grant College, University of California, La Jolla, California, 1990. Additional copies are available from Sea Grant at: Umversity of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La jolla, California 92093-0232, Thiswork wassponsoredin partby NOAA, NationalSea Grant CollegeProgram, Departmentof Commerce,under grant no. NA85AA-D-SG138,Project ¹A/P-1 and by theCalifornia State Resources Agency. The U.S. Governmentis authorizedto produce and distributereprints for governmentalpurposes. On the cover: Pish prints by Christopher M. Dewees, Marine Fisheries Specialist for the California Sea Grant Marine Extension Program. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FISHERY MANAGEMENT SCHEMES ON BYCATCH, JOINT CATCH, AND DISCARDS Summary of a National Workshop Sponsoredby the California Sea Grant College and the National Marine Fisheries Service January 29 3 l, l 990 San Francisco, California EDITORS Clttisu>pheI M. Dett ees Marine Fisheries Specialist Sea Grant Extension Program and Edvtat d Uebet Manager Gulf of the Farallons Marine Sanctuary l 990 Report No. T-CSGCP-019 California Sea Grant College University of California La Jolla, California 92093-0232 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PARTICIPANTS INTRODUCTION UNRE IUI.ATED FISHERIFS Abstract: Richard B. Allen, 10 DiscussionSummary; Court Smith 11 Small Group Recommendations . i3 SEASONS Abstract: Stephen Turner 16 DiscussionSummary: JohnRichards 17 Small Group Recommendations, 20 QUOTAS Abstracts: Walter T. Pereyra, Rick Stanley 22 DiscussionSummary: Connie Ryan 25 Small Group Recommendations . 26 MFSH RFSTRICTIONS Abstracts: Edward Ueber, Steve Murawski, Susan Hanna 30 DiscussionSummary; FrancisHenry 34 Small Group Recommendations. 36 LIMITED ENTRY Abstracts: Sam Pooley, Dorothy M. Lowman 40 DiscussionSummary. Betsy Andrews . 42 Small Group Recommendations. 43 INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS Abstracts; DouglasB. Gordon,Christopher M. Dewees, James E. Wilen 48 DiscussionSummary: Bonnie McCay . 52 Small Group Recommendations.. , 54 ACKNOWLED xMENTS I would especiallylike to thankEd Ueberwho initiated the workshop and helpedidentify participants.Ed did an outstandingjob of making local arrangementsfor guestmeals and housing. DavidHull of'the J. PorterShaw Library providedan excellentworkshop site. Jill Frommelt typedthe proceedingsand helpedwith workshoplogistic». Finally, thanksto theworkshop participants for sharingtheir expertise fully in theirpapers and in-depthdiscussions. Participants Betsy Andrews, FrancisHenry, Bonnie McCay, Ed Melvin, John Richards,Connie Ryan, and Court Smith wrotesummaries of the panel»and discussions. The CaliforniaSea Grant College provided primary fundingfor the workshopproceedings, expenses, and travel of threeparticipants. The National Marine Fisheries Service funded travel for their participating staff andhelped with workshopexpenses. The New JerseySea Grant CollegeProgram, Western Pacific FisheriesManagement Council, and fishing industry participantsprovided additional travel support. This work is a resultof researchsponsored in partby NOAA, NationalSea Grant CollegeProgram, Department of Cornnierce,under grant numberNA89AA-D-SG138, project numberM/P- l, throughthe California SeaGrant College, and in part by theCalifornia State ResourcesAgency. The U.S. Governmentis authorizedto reproduceand distribute for governmental purposes. I ChristopherM. Dewecs PARTICIPANTS Norm Abram son Frank Henry National Marine Fisheries Service California Department of Fish 3150 Paradise Drive and Game Tiburon, California 94920 411 Burgess Drive Menlo Park, California 94025 Richard B, Allen Atlantic Offshore Fishermen Joe Hightower P.O. Box 3001 National Marine Fisheries Service Newport, Rhode I»land 02840 3150 Paradise Drive Tiburon, California 94920 Betsy Andrews Sea Grant Extension Program Bill Lenarz Department of Wildlife and National Marine Fisheries Service FisheriesBiology 31SO Paradise Drive University of California Tiburon, California 94920 Davis, California 95616 Dorothy Lowman Christopher M. Dewees Western Pacific Fisheries Sea Grant Extension Program Management Council Department of Wildlif'e and 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1405 Fisheries Biology Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 University of California Davis, California 95616 Bonnie McCay Department of Human Ecology Douglas B. Gordon and Social Sciences American High SeasFisheries Cook College Association P,O, Box 231 3040 West Commodore Way New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Seattle. Washington 98199 Edward F. Melvin Susan Hanna Washington Sea Grant Extension Department of Resource Program Economics 19 Harbor Mall Oregon State University Bellingham, Washington 9822S Corval lis, Oregon 97331-6403 Steven A, Murawski Stephen Turner U.S. Departmentof Commerce National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA S.E. Fisheries Center Northeast Fisheries Center 75 Virginia Beach Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Miami, Florida 33149 Wal ter Pereyra Edward Ueber Profish International Gulf of the Farallons Marine 1011 SW Klickitata Way Sanctuary Seattle, Washington 98134 Building 201 Fort Mason Sam Pooley San Francisco, California 94123 U.S. Departmentof Commerce NOAA James E. Wilen National Marine Fisheries Service Department of Agricu ltural 2570 Dole Street Economics Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2396 University of California Davis, California 95695 John Richards Sea Grant ExtensionProgram 5266 8, Hollister Avenue, Suite 215 Santa Barbara, California 93111 Connie Ryan SeaGrant Extension Program P.O. Box 34066 San Francisco, California 94134 Court Smith OregonState University Departmentof Anthropology Waldo Hall 238 Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6403 Rick Stanley Departmentof Fisheriesand Oceans Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo British Columbia, Canada V9R 5K6 INTRODUCTION In all fisheries, some fish, shellfish, or other organisms are discarded at sea. Fishery management regulations and market conditions are primary inHuence». Discards include those fish and shellfish which have lower or no market value, are damaged during harvest, or cannot be legally sold. Other organisms such as marine mammals, birds, and turtles are accidentally caught and discarded in some fisheries. Fishery management has intensified and undergone many changes worldwide in the last ten years, Methods used include restrictions of the catch quantity, fish size, and sex, Limited entry, trip limits frequency and landing liniits!, gear restrictions, area closures, and seasonsfurther restrict the fishing industry. Often more than one method is employed simultaneously. Great interest has been shown recently in privatizing harvestrights for fish and shellfishthrough individual transferablequotas ITQs!. All of thesemanagement options strongly inHuencebycatch and discardrates by either changingfishermen's behavior or altering the type of fishing technology used. Discarding of bycatch or lower valued fish high-grading! is among the most difficult fishery management challenges, Bycatch and discards make the attainment of the conservationand economicgoal» of fishery managersand the fishing industry problematic, The California SeaGrant College,in cooperationwith the National Marine FisheriesService, sponsored a nationalworkshop to addressthis critical issue. Twenty-two people from industry, agencies,and universitieswith knowledgeof discardproblems met in SanFrancisco January 29-3 l, 1990. Participants came from the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts as well as Hawaii and Canada. The goal of the workshop and this publication is to stimulate multidisciplinary research,discussion, and innovative fishery management techniques directed at lessening fishery hycatchand discardproblems. The hrst two days of the workshop consisted of panel presentations and discussionsfocused on likely bycatchand discardproblem consequencesunder six primary managementschemes: unregulated, seasons,quotas, mesh restrictions, limited entry, and individual transferablequotas, On the final day, small discussiongroups brainstormedabout discard problems under each managementscheme and recommendedresearch needs and ideasfor lesseningbycatch problems. The informal style of the workshop yielded useful discussion of the problemsfrom both a biologicaland socioeconomicperspective. Weorganized these proceedings into the six management schemes discussed.Abstracts of thepanel presentations are followed by a summaryof theensuing discussions, Each management section scheme endswith the summariesof the small discussiongroup ideasand recommendations.Transcripts of mostof thepanel presentations