BORNEO RESEARCH BULL. -60- SUBSCRIPTION CHARGES Vol. 16, No. 1 P The following are current rates for Fellows and Subscribers in the respective countries: Notes from the Editor: Deaths, Meetings; List FELLOWSHIP FEE: of Contributors to B.R.C. ..................... Australia ~$7.00 Netherlands D.FI. 25 Research Notes Belgium B.Fr. 400 New Zealand ~~$8.00 Brunei MS12.00 Norway N.Kr. 50 Kadayan Evidence for Word Medial& in Brunei Canada $10.00 Philippines P25 Malay Denmark D.Kr. 55 Singapore SS12.00 Allen R. Maxwell ........................... France N.Fr. 45 Spain Pesetas 200 Traditional Migration in Borneo: The Kenyah Germany DM 25 Sweden S.Kr. 35 Case Hong Kong HK$40 Switzerland 5. Fr. 25 A. J. Guerreiro & B. J. L. Sellato ......... Indonesia RP 1000 Thailand Baht 100 Patterns in Brunei History and Culture Israel IH 35.00 U.S.R. Rs. 10 Donald E. Brown ........................... Japan Yen 2500 United Kingdom Malaysia MS12.00 U.S.A. Brief Communications Update on Linguistic Research in Sabah ....... Note from S. 0. Robson and Reply ............. SUBSCRIPTION FEE: Note from Fred Eggan and Reply ............... Brunei USS7.00 Philippines US$5.00 Obituary Indonesia US$I.OO Singapore US$7.00 Malaysia uSS7.00 All other parts Marius Jacobs (1929-1983) ................. of the world USS7.00 Borneo News ................................... Book Reviews, Abstracts, and Bibliography ..... The Borneo Research Council ................... Information for Authors ....................... Subscription Charges ......................... The Borneo Research Bulletin is published twice yearly (Apri and September) by the Borneo Research Council. Pleaa address all inquiries and contributions for publication t Vinson' H. Sutlive, Jr., Editor, Borneo Research Bulletin Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, U.S.A. Single issues ar avai USS2.50. NOTES FROM THE EDITOR It is with great sadness that we inform readers of the deaths of RESEARCH NOTES Peter Cowing, Marius Jacobs, and David McCredie. Each made memorable contributions to Southeast Asian studies, and their untimelv deaths are great losses. An obituary of Marius Jacobs is contained in this issue and appropriate memorials on Peter Gowing and David McCredie will appear in the next. Allen R. Maxwell There will be a business meeting of the Borneo Research Council The University of Alabama during the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Denver. If there is a sufficient number of persons interested in participating in an organized session, we shall organize a program for the INTRODUCTION Association of Asian Studies in Philadelphia. To this end, the Editor urges the submission of proposed papers. One of the most striking phonological characteristics of the Kadayan We are grateful to the following persons and institutions for, their subdialect of Brunei Malay is the presence of the voiceless glottal frFative, h, in positions in which it has been lost in most other Malay dialects. contributions to the work of the Council: Robert Austin, J. B. Ave, Tim - Dyen has drawn attention to the significance of this consonant for historical G. Rabcock, Martin Baier, Richard Baldauf, Jr., Barr Smith Library, Austronesian phonology in his monograph on Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Adelaide, Basler Mission, Paul Beavitt, Stanley Bedlington, Luke Beidler, (PAN) laryngeals (19531, and more recently has updated his discussion E. 3. Berwick, Ian Black, Peter Brosius, F. Briinig, P. K. Cassels, H. E. by including Banjarese evidence (1971). Glen Chandler, R. G. P. Claydon, William L. Collier, E. J. H. Corner, Conrad P. Cotter, Earl of Cranbrook, David Crawford, Colin N. Crisswell, In an earlier note, Kimball suggested that intervocalic is in the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Gale Dixon, Michael R. Dove, Richard Allen h process of being lost in Brunei Malay, citing evidence from the Barunay Drake, Fred Eggah, John Elliott, Field Museum of Natural History, Mary subdialect (1979). I will discuss the occurrence of word medial I! based B. Fulcher, Jack Golson; P. Rion Griffin, J. St. J. Groome, University of on my work w-ith the other subdialect of Brunei Malay, Kadayan (see Hawaii Library, C. J. Healey, A. John Hepburn, Timothy C. Jessup, Maxwell 1980). The evidence presented w~llsuggest that it IS premature Institute of Ethnology, Basel, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, to conclude that is being lost in Brunei Malay. From the perspective Singapore, Inter Mission Language Center, Randung, D. C. Johnston, Lars + of the Kadayan evidence, Brunei Malay is better understood as an h-retaining Kaskija, Linda Kimball, Dietrich Kiihne, Donald H. Lambert, John L. dialect, especially in root internal intervocalic position, but also in initial Landgraf, Matthias Laubscher, Michael Leigh, Cynthia Mackie, Wolfgang position (ch. Dyen 1971:42). While Kimball deals with only morpheme- Marschall, Rex Marshall, Peter Martin, Peter Metcalf, A. R. G. Morrison, internal phenomena, I will discuss an additional class of cases of intervocalic John Musgrave, Shuichi Nagata, Rodney Needham, Robert Nicholl, H. Arlo h, namely those which occur word- but not morpheme-internally, at morpheme Nimmo, Stanley J. O'Connor, Ethnographical Museum, Oslo, Christine - boundaries. Padoch, J. R. Palmer; J. Q. Phillipps, Hillman Library, Pittsburgh, Ifor B. Powell, Primate Information Center, Seattle, A. J. N. Richards, C. W. S. BRUNEI MALAY Robinson, Raymond R. Rudes, Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, Clifford Sather, Anne Louise Schiller, Werner Schneeberger, William M. Schneider, The Brunei dialect of Malay can be distinguished from other varieties Bernard 3. L. Sellato, Richard Shutler, Jr., Heather Strange, Jack Stuster, of Malay on both ethnographic and linguistic grounds. University of Sussex, Heather Sutherland, David Szanton, Peter Thomas, Bruneians as well asnon-Bruneian Malay-speakers recognize Brunei Malay to be a distinct Donna Mayo Vargas, Patricia Vondal, Carol Warren, Tadayo Watabe, Peter speech form, differing from other types of Malay in its phonological D. Weldon, R. 0. Whyte, Cynthia Wilder, William D. Wilder, Inger Wulff. inventory, intonation, speech rhythm, derivational morphology, lexicon, and syntax. Locally this form of speech may be referred to as Bahasa Brunei or Bahasa Melayu Brunei. In addition, the two native Malay-speaking groups in the country, the Kadayan and the Barunay, recognize more specific subdialectal differences between their wn respective forms of speech, cakap kadayan and kurapak barunax? This distinction applies primarily to characteristic patterns of linguistic usage, and not necessarily to the specific performances of individual Kadayan and Barunay as representative 2. in connected speech, in free variation with [dl , e.g., for members of these two ethnic groups. This qualification is important the previous exam les, [ , ba.g] , [tila. ra ] , and [m a,a.d: A I , because many individuals have competence in both subdialects and switch res ectively; alro&uhun/ 'proximal end; tree', particularly codes often. Many, if not most speakers can identify particular utterances in &uhun+kayu/ [Ipu. R :u nlka.y:u7] % ('pu.~n,La.y:u 7 ] as "Kadayan" or "Barunay" if asked to do so (see Maxwell 1980:Appendix). 'tree', /sudah+dihantat-wah/ ['su.d:a _hdi ,~a.n;t A t' wilf;l % ['su.d: a :di,a.n.ta t' w Xf;] '(s.t.) has already been taken SYNCHRONIC EVIDENCE away' The evidence fo be considered concerns primarily root medial h, [h] voiceless glottal fricative, in free variation with [TI , and, with some attention to word rnedial h occurring at morpheme boundaries. but less commonly, [0] , occurring There are a number of reasons for making this choice. In word final in initial position, Ihantapl [ , ha.n.t ap) ] % [ ,ia.n.t A ] and root final positions, the occurrence of h is least problematic. Kadayan % [ ,a.n.t~p'l 'really, truely', /hujan/ [ 'hu.p 8n:] .L exhibits a clear set of phonologically significant contrasts between s, [ ,?u.f: 8 n: ] * [,u.? 5 n:] 'rain', /hitam/ ['hi.t: m:] --Vh, and -VQ (e.g., patik 'I--when addressing the Sultan', &'A TRADITIONAL % [ ,T.t: C m: ] 'L [ 'i.t: 5 m:] 'black' RITUAL OFFICE', pati 'box, chest'; balak 'boards', balah 'break in two', [h] glottal fricative commencing voiced and ending voiceless, -bala 'affliction'; paluk 'embracet,.* 'perspiration', @ 'sago-pith' occurring chopper'). In utterance final posltlon, is always reallzed phonetically as 2 Word final h in utterance medial position participates in a number 1. in final position /payah/ [ ,pa.y:afi] 'tired; difficult', of morphophonemic shifts which are too numerous to examine exhaustively /sudah/ [ , su.d:afi .I 'MODAL--expressing completed action', here. Some of these will he discussed below. Generally speaking, in /putihl [,pu.t: 161 'white', /paluh/ [ ,pa.l:vfil 'perspiration' initial position hV- % w, and contrasts with kV- (e.g., haran 2. aran .L ilan 'lose', 'food processing plant'; 'charcoal1, karao 'later'; kilarJ 2. in free variation with s [@I in connected speech, e.g., for -hulu ulu'upstrearn', @& 'k.0. bird, the Giant Pitta'; but also *hucir~/kuciu the previous examples, /payah-wahl [ ,, pa.y:ajjwXhl s ucJ 'cat1, *halah/kalah % $& 'be defeated, lose'). In utterance initial 2. [ , pa.y: a:w i; f; I '(it's) difficult', /sudah-wah/ [ , su.d:a_hwi;h] position, 0is always realized as 2. % [ su.d: a :w X fi ] 'SOME COMPLETED ACTION', /putih- wah/ [, pu.t:i "5 wXfi] % [,,pu.t:i:wX~i] '(s.t. is) white, At this point it is important to understand how the data cited herein (not some