C^dn JoijL Jcnku^r. /d^r. e^^^ . , T THE PRIMITIVES OF THE GREEK TONGUE, IN FIVE LANGUAGES VIZ : GREEK, LATIN, ENGLISH? ITALIAN AND FRENCH? ^ INVERSE. FOURTH EDITION. MUCH liMPROVED AND CORRECTED WITH THE ADDITION OP AN INDEX OF THE ENGLISH WORDS. Delectando. , pariterque monendo. BY JEAN ALPHONSE ROULLIER, Professor of Languages. AUTHOR OF ASTYANAX, HYPPOMEDONY, &C. ^noon: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, HURST, REES, eRME & BROWN; r. BOOSBY & SONS ; AND vSiMPKIN & MARSHALL. 1825. Printfd at tfir Cambenvell Prets by J. B» G. VOGEL, 1, St. George $ Place. ; TO THE REVEREND J. WERNINCK, D. D. F. R. S. AMST. AND MIDDELB. CHAPLAIN TO H. B. THE AMBASSADOR OF THE NETHERLANDS, AND MINISTER OF THE DUTCH CHURCH IN LONDON. REVEREND SIR, Allow me to offer my sincere thanks to you not only as a man of literature, and the Author of se- veral works in more than one language, who has thought this humble attempt worth your notice, and ac- cepted the dedication of it But also as a man of feeling, and the father of a family, who seeing an old soldier in the republic DEDICATION of letters disabled and forsaken, wishes to refit him a- gain. Permit me to express a sense of my true and sincere acknowledgement for both, and at the same time to evince ray gratitude by the best means in my power. in praying for the continuance of those blessings you enjoy in the bosom of your family. I A% Reverend Sir, Your most obliged and obedient Servant, J.A.ROULLIER, CAMBERWULLt \ith February , 1825. : PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. It being acknowledged that the study of Radical Words, or Primitives, is the true and best method to learn a language, I need not apologize for this publication ; I shall only mention that neither trouble nor expense has to render this been spared new edition acceptable to the public. It is printed in a larger type than before. The faults that had escaped notice in the former editions have been carefully corrected in the present. There has been also added an Index of the English words by which it in some degree answers the purpose of a Dictionary of the radical words of the five languages ; for instance in the Index the word august 88—21 directs the student to this line TTorvtoc, 'venerandus, august, venerdndo, venerable now I proceed to the explanation of the Plan. The line is an hexameter verse, so far as the Greek words would allow, the Latin coming next, still preserves its quantity; then the English and the Italian, which have : : PREFACE. also their accent, and chiefly the Italian, whose accent is a great improvement, and yet so seldom acquired by fo- reigners; the French last, which forms the sixth foot, or the spondee, the whole answering to a Greek or Latin verse of the same measure : as or : Arm^ vi|rum que ca|no Tro|jaB qui{prTmus ab|oris. Thus must be read the following lines AtjItoq, vehe\mensy san|guine, dr\dentt, v6|hement. ApuTrreJ, \dildm\dre, toltear, strdcd\dre^ d5|chirer. When the Greek word has two different meanings, to avoid confusion, I have joined them with a brace, thus . - - C respiro, to breathe, respirdre, r^spirer. Xa>^a(u, p -^ -^-^ to calm, cdlmdre^ cSlme, appaise. 1^ Sometimes I have lell out the Greek word in the second line ; as, rKomolo), dor\mire, tolsleep, dor\mirey s'en|dormir. 3 4 I 2 3 ^6 \ sopio, |to cause|to sleep, addormen\tdre, feit|dormir. 12 3 4 5 6 As I have been very particular in marking the Italian accent, the admirers of that language will find in this work not only a translation of the words, but also the correct pronunciation, by laying the stress upon the ac- cented syllable : as, for instance, ; : PREFACE. la nebbia, la nue ; cafigine, noirccm ; wiplo\rarC) prle, implore; felicita, joie ; Divinitd, Dieu nebbia, accented upon the first syllable, is a dactyl, as well as the latin word cdrmtna, and caligine ?iX\A felict\td like arundtne ; and the French having no regular accent the impossibility of scanning a French line, in the man- ner of the ancient^*, is acknowledged by the best writers, therefore 1 have reserved it for the last foot, which may be an iambic as well as a spondee, even in a Latin verse as, navigliOf navire. sieio, rameau, tige. Hscioy piano, plat, uni. Another difficulty, was the frequent repetition of Greek words of the same meaning, thus : Ettoj, dicere^ to speak or say, favelldre, parler, dire. AaXew, garrio, to speak or chat, ciarldre, bavarder. \iyto, dico, to say or enjoin, dire, dit, enjoint. <^pa?w, dico, to say or utter, profferire^ parle, (^nonce. As the verses constantly begin with a Greek word, I have been obliged to use a trochee, or even a molosse, &c. Gcoc, Disy Deus, Almighty God, la Divinitd, Dieu. '*^^^^""^? blameless, innocent sans rcprochc. Auvuwv I e, '1 impavidus, lucky, bold, ardito, brave, hcureux. PREFACE. Those few observations I have thought necessary in order to explain the Plan I have pursued. How far I have succeeded in my endeavours, I leave to the candid reader to judge, requesting indulgence for the few im- perfections unavoidable in a work of this nature, accor- ding to that motto of the great master of poetry, ubi non ego paucis off^ndar maculis. THE PRIMITIVES OF THE GREEK TONGUE- I. A, called alphahy the Greeks, aleph by the Hebrews, im- plies unity, privation, increase, and admiration. 1 'XjLa^w, spirare, to breathe, esaldre^ respirer. 2 "AjSa^, mensa, abacus^ cup-board, armdrioy buffet. 3 *A/3p0C) et tener^ et mollis^ soft, mblle^ doux, gentil. 4 'A]3porrj, nox^ i^ig^t, notte^ serdta^ nuit, soir. 5 ''kya^oQ^ et bonus, et fortis, good, ardito, bon, et brave. 6 'A7aXXa>, ornare^ to dress, abbellirey se parer. 7 " Ayav,vaide, too much,a great deal,mo/^o,beaucoup,trop. 8 'AyavaKrew, angor, I fret, stizzo, je m'indigne. 9 'AyaTTaetv, amare, to love, amdre, bien aimer. 10 'Ayaco, demiror, I stare, stralundre, s'ebahir. DERIVATIVES. 1 (fut. <rw.) aao-^9?, ou, exha- 6 (fut. Xw. p. xa.) lation, breath, vapour. 8 (fut. »9o-«)ayav&a>dT»j,rivage. 2 (g. Ko?. 6) a basket. 9 (Ayaaraw), f. ^ta;, to kiss; «- 3 (g. oy, o) ai^^yvo;, to burnish. ydvr), love, kissing ; wya- 4 (g. »)?5 »?•) Ta*, the agapes. 5 (g. oy, o) wise, o(,ye(^v)vUf tO 10 (*J<r<t;) OF ay«o/^<r», tO envy, do good. ay«), veneration. B PRIMITIVES. 1 "Ayyapocj bajttlus^ a porter, facchino, porte-faix. 2 'A77IXXW, miito, I send, manddre^ faire tenir. 3 "Ayyoc? ^Jfl* antiquum^ a vessel, wrwc, vase, une urne. ' vador, I stroll about, xa^o, je m'egare. /I A ' 5 ' 1 52/ww/e55e, to crowd, radundrsi, s'assembler. 5 'Ayi\'n,grex,armentum^ViheTd,arm^nto,gra.nd troupeau. 6 "AycpwxoC) durusy high, proud, c?Mro, dur, altier. 7 "Aytoc, sanctusy pure and holy, sacrdto, venerable, 8 'AyKoi, ayjcaXat, w/wce, the arms, brdccia, les bras. 9 ro''Ay»ct(TTpov, ac?wwcM5, ahook, uncino, crochet, croc. 10 "AyKOc, ayictocj vallis, vale, rd//e, valine, fond. 11 ^AyKv\r]f telum, dart, arrow, ddrdo, dard ou trait. 12 'AyicwXoC} curvus, crooked or wry, stortoy crochu, tors. 13 "AyKvpUy anchora, an anchor, un* dncoroy une ancre. 14 'Ayicwv, wvocj cuhitusy the elbow, tV gomito, le coude. 15 'AyXaoc, splendens, bright, splendid, spkndidoy brillant. 16 'AyvoC) castus, innocent, immaculdtoy pur et chaste. 17 'A70P0, est foruntyd. market, il mercdtOy le march^. sacre, Q , C sacer, holy, sacred, sacrdtOy saint. ^ ' ' C scelusy a crime, delittOy crime, offence. DERIVATIVES. 1 (pi. ayya^oi) Persian Post- culty of speech; ayxvAk*, boys. anciliaj small shields. 2 (iXt>>) ayytXog, an angel. 12 (», of) angulus, an angle. 3 (io{, to) ayyerov, a vessel. 13 («?,») ayxy^l^w, to trip up 4 (»?w) p- xa- one's heels. 5 (>j?,»)) a-yeXafw, to assemble. 15 oiyXaia, grace, beauty, joy, 8 <i>'»u»x»^£?, ulna, the length of glory ; ayAaIfa>,to bright- thearm, an armfull. en, to adorn. 9 ayxiOT^ow, to hang upon a 16 (oD, 0) ayvsio, puritj'. hook. 17 Alo what is sold. 10 Also the top of a mountain. 18 As in Latin, sacred and ei(e- 11 (»J?» 'j) also the bending of crable. the arm; ayxvXtov, a difli- PRIMITI VES. 1 "Aypa, captura, a prey, preda, rapina^ line proie. 2 'Aypocj ager,rus, field or meadoWj campOyChamp ou pre. 3 'Ayuta, vicus, a street, vicinia, strdda, une rue. 4 "AyvpiQ, ccetus, crowd or meeting, folia, foule ensemble* 5 "Ayx^*^? suffocare, to choke, strangoldre, s'etrangler. /^ ^ . ^ ducercy to lead, condur, mener et con d aire. Lfrangere, to break, spezzdr, briser, provoquer. 7 *A7wy^ certamen, fight, combattimentOy jeux, combat. 8 *A8fX^oc, frater, brother, like, frat^llOf frere, ^gal. 9 'AScw, placeoy to please, piacere, veut complaire, 10 'A5t?juov£w, angor, 1 fret, stizzo. je suis triste. 11 "A^»jv & aSSrjv, 5af, ahundcy enough, bdsta^ 9a suffit. 12 'ASivoc, confertus, thick-set, sp^sso, serre, dru. 13 'A^poc^ cra55w^,«thick,powerful^ich,ncco,puissant,riche. 14 "ASctv, satiarcy to fill, sazidre, rassasier. 15 "AcS^Ximcj certamen, fight, battdglia, combat. 16 *Ae/, semper et, always, s^mpre, toujours, a jamais. 17 *ActSwj cantare, to sing, cantdre, chante en vers, 18 *A€ipw, erigere, raise, avanzdrcy leve, 61eve. 19 "AcXXa, turbo, procella, a storm, tempesta, la temp^te. 20 'Ae^cd, augere, to grow, accresceret s*accroitre. DERIVATIAES. 1 (a?, »))oty^6Ufl», £« and <w, to 10 (f. ^«) a^*)/AOHa, anxiety.