DOCUMENT RESUME ED 300 212 SE 049 707 AUTHOR Borgford, Christie L.; Summerlin, Lee R. TITLE Chemical Activities. Teacher Edition. INSTITUTION American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-8412-1416-6 PUB DATE 88 NOTE 329p.; Drawings may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth Street, NW, Washington, LC 20036 ($19.95). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) FDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Nct Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Chemical Reactions; Chemistry; *Demonstrations (Educational); *Educational Experiments; *Experiments; High Schools; Instructional Materials; Investigations; Junior High Schools; *Laboratories; *Laboratory Procedures; Middle Schools; Science Activities; Science Education; Science Instruction; Science Teachers; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science IDENTIFIERS *ChemCom ABSTRACT This sourcebook for chemical activities is designed to be used as a student laboratory book for both junior and senior high school students. The student's role as-a knowledgeable consumer and informed citizen is stressed. Each activity includes a list of needed materials, procedures, reactions, questions, and notes for the teacher which include background information, teaching tips, and answers to the questions. General areas of consideration include chemistry of matter, chemistry of atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, chemical energy and rates of reaction, chemistry around the house, chemistry and the environment, biochemistry, chemistry of living things, chemistry of foods, chemical detectives, tools and techniques of the chemist, and kitchen chemistry. Included is a cross reference of activities by chemical topics, laboratory skills and by major topics of "Chemistry in the Community" (ChemCom). Also included is a listing of useful resources with addresses as well as several charts of chemistry information. (ML) ********************* ***** ********************************************* * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Always Be Careful in the Laboratory Follow these rules: 1.Be sure the science teacher is present in the laboratory when you work. 2.Wear goggles at all times when you are in the laboratory. Do not wear contact lenses because there isalways a danger of volatile or corrosive material dissolving inthe lenses or getting beneath them. 3.Read each activity carefully before starting work to become familiar with the experimental procedure and safety precautions. 4.Keep loose clothing and long hair out of the way when you are working. Tie back long hair and remove coats. Do not wear open-toed shoes or sandals in the laboratory. 5.Wash your hands thoroughly after you work in a science laboratory. 6.Do not eat, drink, chew gum, or apply cosmetics in the science laboratory. Do not taste anything. 7.Reach around, not over, a flame. Turn off burners that are not in use. 8.Handle hot glassware with tongs, test tube holders, or potholders as directed in the procedure. Rememberthat hot glass looks like cold glass. 9.Extinguish all burner flames before using flammable materials, such as alcohol. 10. When heating a test tube, hold it at an angle and move itthrough the flame; point the mouth of the test tube away from others and from yourself. 11. When instructed to test for the odor of asubstance, follow the instructions in the procedure. Hold the container away from you and fan a small amount of the vapor toward you with your hand. 12. Know the location of all emergency equipment (e.g.,fire extin- guishers, eye washes, and fire blankets) in the laboratory and be sure that you know how to use it. 13.Note carefully the method of disposal of chemicals in each activity and follow directions given by your teacher. Never put solid chemicals, solo Lions, or liquids in the sink unless directed to do so. 14.Perform only those procedures directed by your teacher. Use only the recommended amounts of chemicals and no more. 15.Always keep your work area neat and uncluttered. Keep mate- rials away from the edge of the laboratory bench. 3 Chemical Activities Teacher Edition Christie L. Borgford Qregon Episcopal School Lee R. Summerlin University of Alabama at Birmingham AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY WASHINGTON, DC 1988 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Borgford, Christie L., 1943- Chemical activities: Teacher edition/Christie L. Borgford, Lee R. Summerlin. p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. ISBN 0-8412-1416-6 (Teacher ed.) ISBN 0-8412-1417-4 (Student ed.) 1. ChemistryExperiments. I. Summerlin, Lee R. IL Title. QD43.B63 1988 540'.78dc19 87-28992 CIP Karen L McCeney: Copy editing Paula M. Berard: Production and indexing Janet S. Dodd: Managing edit°, Carla L. Clemens: Cover design and section openingpages Dana Borgford: Illustrations in text Typesetting: Hot Type Ltd., Washington, DC Typeface: Melior Printing: Mack Printing Company, Easton, PA Binding: Nicholstone Book Bindery, Nashville, TN Copyright1988 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. Reprographic copies of individual activities may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any meansgraphic or electronicfor any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor s could the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission, to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication 0.a-eof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA About the Authors Li B,: C la \ Si P S t 17 K As Se Pt lb `SI) 're I :s P- -7 : v., Po At r AI& Lb ry CHRISTIEL.BORGFORD (right) received her B.S. from the University of Washington and her master's degree from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. She taught chemistry in Washington, MO, and is now chair of the Science Department at Oregon Episcopal School in Portland, OR Throughout her teaching career, she has emphasized the experimental approach to chemistry andhasdeveloped and used demonstrations and activities for junior high school students, chemistry students, and chemistry teacher education programs around the country. In addition to the many workshops and courses that she has organized and conducted for science teachers in the Northwest, she was codirector of the Chemical Demonstrations Program for the Institute for Chemical Education (I.C.E.) program at the University of California Berkeley in 1985 and was director of the laboratory program in 1986 and 1987. She serves as a consultant to several firms and organizations and has published articles and books on chemistry and chemical education, including a laboratory manual for the Berkeley I.C.E. program. She is coauthor of Chemical Demonstrations: A Sourcebook for Teachers, Volume II, published by the American Chemical Society. She is active in the American Chemical Society, where she chairs the Division of Chemical Education Prehigh School Science Task Force and is a member of other national ACS committees. She serves her local section as Precollege Chair. LEE R SUMMERLIN (left) received his B.A. from Samford University, his M.S. from Birmingham-Southern College, and his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland. He has held many teaching and administrative positions and has Hi served as a consultant to various organizations, companies, colleges, and school boards in this country and abroad. He has served as a peer review panelist for several science education development programs and as a chemistry consultant to various National Science Foundation Institutes. He has presented many seminars and published a number of books on methods and aspects of teaching chemistry and science. He has also conducted numerous workshops on chemical demonstrations throughout the country. He was codirector of the Institute for Chemical Education program at the University of CaliforniaBerkeley in 1985 and coordinator for the program in 1986 and 1987. Summer lin has held office or had major committee assign- ments in the National Science Teachers Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Chemical Society. He is a member of the ACS Task Force on High School Chemistry. He received the James B. Conant Award (1969), the Florida Section Outstanding Chemistry Teacher Award (1967), the Gregg Ingalls Outstanding Teaching Award (1985), and the Chemical Manufacturers Association National Catalyst Award (1986). He is coauthor of Chemical Demonstrations: A Sourcebook for Thachers, Volumes I and II, published by the American Chemical Society. Our book is dedicated to Marjorie Gardner, Director of the Lawrence Hall of Science, University of CaliforniaBerkeley. Her support and encouragement made this volume possible. iv Contents Preface ix Preface to the Student Edition xi Chemistry of Matter Gases 1. Pressure of Air Around Us 3 2. How Much Gas Is in a Bottle of Cola? 5 3. Solution of a Gas: What Happens During a Pressure Change? 8 4. Density of Carbon Dioxide 10 5. Behavior of Gases and the Boiling Egg 13 6. Used Breath: Carbon Dioxide in Exhaled Air 15 7. Reactions of Egg,:tells, Seashells, and Baking Soda 17 8. What Makes Popcorn "Pop"? 20 9. Sublimation of Air Freshener 22 Liquids and Solids 10. Layers of Liquids 27 11. Pennies in the Glass and Properties of Water 29 12. Boiling Water in a Paper Cup 32 13. Hydrates: Molecules with Water Attached 34 14.