Historical Revie-w- The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE 0. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University, Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia COVER DESCRIPTION: Until the mid-twentieth century, the labor of young girls and boys in America's facto­ ries, mines, streets and fields remained a common rou­ tine in poor families. This practice prevented the healthful growth, education and self-fulfillment of children, including many Missourians. George G. Suggs, Jr., examines the labor of young Missouri min­ ers in "Child Labor in the Tiff Mines of Washington County, Missouri," which begins on page 357. [Cover illustration courtesy of National Child Labor Committee.] MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR LYNN WOLF GENTZLER ASSOCIATE EDITOR LEONA S. MORRIS RESEARCH ASSISTANT ANN L. ROGERS RESEARCH ASSISTANT Copyright c 1993 by The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The Missouri Historical Review (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by The State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. SOCIETY HOURS: The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday, and Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., except legal holidays. VOLUME LXXXVII Holiday Schedule: The Society will be closed Saturday during the Labor Day weekend. NUMBER 4 On the day of the annual meeting, September 18, 1993, the Society libraries will not be available for research. JULY, 1993 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1992-1995 Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1993 HENRIETTA AMBROSE, Webster Groves FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Webster Groves LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1994 ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1995 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville JAMES A. BARNES, Raytown EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA H. 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Goodrich, Editor Missouri Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS CHILD LABOR IN THE TIFF MINES OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, MISSOURI. By George G. Suggs, Jr. 357 ADMINISTRATIVE TREATMENT OF WOMEN STUDENTS AT MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY, 1868-1899. By Janice Lee 372 RURAL PRAIRIEVILLE DURING RECONSTRUCTION. By Dennis Naglich 387 THE HANNIBAL AND ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD, GOVERNMENT AND TOWN FOUNDING, 1846-1861. By DonaldB. Oster 403 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Allene Davidson Retires 422 Annual Meeting Scheduled for September 18 422 Society Libraries: Photograph Collection 423 News in Brief 425 Erratum 429 Local Historical Societies 430 Gifts 445 Missouri History in Newspapers 449 Missouri History in Magazines 455 In Memoriam 461 BOOK REVIEWS 463 BOOK NOTES 467 INDEX TO VOLUME LXXXVII 475 HISTORIC MISSOURI COLLEGES: WESTERN COLLEGE Inside Back Cover Courtesy National Child Labor Committee Child Labor in the Tiff Mines of Washington County, Missouri BY GEORGE G. SUGGS, JR.* The long campaign to eliminate the most exploitive forms of child labor in this country climaxed in 1941 when the United States Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) in the Darby Lumber Company case.1 Previous to this decision, in the Dagenhart, Drexel and Schechter cases the Court had struck down, on constitutional grounds, federal legisla­ tion designed to reduce or eradicate the labor of children in America's mines, mills and factories.2 Furthermore, in 1924 Congress had approved a * George G. Suggs, Jr., is a professor of history at Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau. He holds the B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Colorado, Boulder. 1 United States v. Darby Lumber Company, 312 U.S. 100 (1941). The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) prohibited the shipment in interstate commerce of goods produced by the use of "oppressive child labor" within thirty days prior to shipment. It defined oppressive child labor as the employment of children under sixteen years of age in any hazardous occupation. Parental work of children, except in mining, manufacturing or hazardous occupations, was exempted. The law also failed to prohibit child labor on farms outside school hours (unless hazardous), in movies and theatres and in the sale of newspapers. Since 1938 the FLSA has been amended to broaden the federal government's jurisdiction over child labor, especially in agriculture. See United States Codes, Title 29, sees. 202, 212-213. 2 See Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918); Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co., 259 U.S. 20 (1920); and Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935). Stephen B. Wood, Constitutional Politics in the Progressive Era: Child Labor and the Law (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968) provides a thorough account of the legal and constitutional dimensions of the Dagenhart and Drexel decisions, which invalidated the federal child labor laws of 1916 and 1919. Although not specifically directed against the restrictive provisions on child labor found in the codes of fair competition framed under the National