..-i f, .fit ^WmmMi^m^S^ sk. AILROAD MAPS /»» the United States -• V-.:" .•^'..^1?. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAICN 016,91273 Un32r cop. 2 I.H.S. RAILROAD MAPS of the United States A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Original 19th-century Maps in the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress Compiled by Andrew M. Modelski LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON 1975 COVER: A lithograph taken from an early photograph of the locomotive "Enterprise," from inset on S. G. Elliot's 1860 map of central California showing the lines in the and the different railroad gold region connection to the Central Pacific Railroad. (Entry 186) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data United States. Library of Congress. Geography and Map Division. Railroad maps of the United States. Includes index.— — — — 1 . Railroads United States Maps Bibliography Catalogs. 2. United States. Library of Congress. Geography and Map Division. L Modelski, Andrew M. IL Title. Z6026.R3U54 1975 016.912'1 '3850973 75-619007 ISBN 0-8444-0155-2 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US, Government Printing Office Washington. DC. 20402 - Price $2.60 Stock Number 030-00.1-00014-1 OIL. 9/2.72> (Jn 3-2. r {J}IC ^.JLiuM. ja-^--^^r Preface To SATISFY Americans' keen interest in the routes conducted to determine the most practical railroad of railroads, cartographers have shown rail lines on routes. Pacific Railroad Surveys, U.S. General maps since the first tracks were laid in the United Land Office maps which show land grants to States. There are in the collections of the Library railroads, surveys for specific rights-of-way, and of Congress thousands of American railroad maps general surveys prepared to accompany progress as well as numerous general maps showing railroad reports of individual railroads. Other maps were routes as part of the transportation network. The published specifically to promote particular lines, maps, which are in the custody of the Geography some of which were never built. Also represented and Map Division, vary widely in area, content, in the collection are maps issued by commercial and scale. Some cover major segments of our publishers, intended for ticket agents and the country and depict the interrelationship of various public, as route guides to encourage commerce modes of transportation. Others resemble con- and travel to the newly settled areas west of the temporary "strip" road maps and show only a Mississippi River. of the ribbon of land immediately adjacent to a specific This annotated list reveals the scope railroad right-of-way. railroad map collection and highlights the develop- Requests for information are received by the ment of railroad mapping in 19th-century America. Library of Congress from railroad enthusiasts Described are 622 maps chosen from more than in search of active and abandoned rail lines as 3,000 railroad maps and about 2,000 regional, well as from students and scholars interested in state, and county maps, and other maps which transportation. In addition, increased interest in show "internal improvements" of the past century. rail transit has been exhibited by offices of the The maps selected represent a profile of the United States Congress and various federal development of cartographical style and technique agencies. Lynn Mullins notes in her 1969 publica- and are not intended to inventory all maps in the tion The Golden Spike, A Centennial Remembrance, that division which show railroads. The list does reflect, in the literature about American railroads "there however, the important achievements of early is no bibliography specifically devoted to nine- railroaders in reaching their ultimate goal of teenth-century railroad maps, [and, therefore] the providing a transportation network spanning the printed catalogues of the large map libraries must country and linking the Atlantic and Pacific be combed for pertinent references." Such refer- Oceans. ences, however, are altogether inadequate, for The list includes only separate printed and they are too general to include comprehensive manuscript maps preserved in the Geography subject or chronological approaches. This biblio- and Map Division. Excluded are photocopies, graphy is designed to meet that need. facsimiles, atlases, and maps which are included in The Library's holdings include railroad maps annual railroad company reports or which illus- issued for a variety of purposes. Among the collec- trate volumes classed elsewhere in the Library of tions are official printed government surveys Congress. iv PREFACE The entries in this bibliography begin with legible, vary in size from small fold-out sketches to maps covering the United States as a whole or large-scale, detailed surveys and wall maps large portions of it. These are followed by entries designed for display in transportation and ticket for the five major geographical regions and then offices. The majority are in color. by maps of states, including at least one entry Uncolored photoreproductions and color trans- for each of the 50 states. The maps are in chron- parencies of maps in this bibliography may be ological order within these geographical areas. purchased from the Library of Congress, Photo- The list is concluded with descriptions of maps of duplication Service, Washington, D.C. 20540. individual railroads, arranged alphabetically and Requests for cost estimates and purchase orders chronologically. Where possible the entry includes should refer to this bibliography by name and the author's name, the full title of the map, the cite the bibliographic entry numbers. The des- imprint, a notation if the map is in color, the criptive annotations can help in determining natural scale, if determinable, and the measure- whether a large map is needed or if a smaller one, ments to the nearest centimeter, with vertical which can be reproduced more economically, dimension first. A brief paragraph describes the will provide the essential information. Maps are geographical coverage of each map and includes most economically reproduced by the photostat its general content. process, and this form of reproduction is usually The introductory essay traces the scope and quoted in estimates. If reproductions are desired development of American railroad mapping from for use in publications, 8- by 10-inch glossy its beginning in the late 1820's through the 19th photographic prints should be requested. century. A general index provides names of rail- roads, subjects, authors, surveyors, engineers, cartographers, engravers, lithographers, publishers, Andrew M. Modelski and printers. Reference Librarian The maps described, which are all sharp and Geography and Map Division Contents Hi Preface 1 Introduction 15 United States 27 Regions 27 Eastern United States 31 J\few England 33 Central United States 35 Southern United States 36 Western United States 43 Individual States 58 Individual Railroad Lines 103 Index Introduction American railroad mapping had its inception Railroad in Pennsylvania, dated October 1, 1809, early in the 19th century when people began and signed by the surveyor John Tomson, may moving inland over the inadequately charted be the first railroad survey in America. The continental landscape. The expanding frontier, original has, seemingly, not survived. A re- the rich agricultural production of the land, and production, entitled "Draft Exhibiting. the exploitation of natural resources demanded im- Railway Contemplated by John Leiper Esq. From proved methods of transport. The transportation His Stone Sawmill and Quarries ... to His Land- revolution was initiated with construction ot ing on Ridley Creek," however, illustrates Robert privately owned toll or turnpike roads, gathered P. Robins' A Short Account oj the First Permanent momentum with the introduction of steamships Tramway in America (Philadelphia, 1886).^ The and canal building, and reached maturity in the first of the commercial "tramroads" was surveyed 1830's with the introduction of steampowered and constructed in 1826 at Quincy, Mass., by railroads.' Gridley Bryant, with the machinery for it developed Soon after James Watt developed the steam by Solomon Willard. It was to utilize horsepower engine, the invention was adapted by John Fitch to haul granite, needed for building the Bunker in 1787 to propel a ship on the Delaware and in Hill Monument,' from the quarries at Quincy, the same year by James Rumsey on the Potomac four miles to the wharf on the Neponset River. River. Fitch, an American inventor and surveyor, The following year the Mauch Chunk "gravity had two years earlier published his "Map of the road," used for transporting anthracite coal, was Northwest" to finance the building of a commer- constructed in Pennsylvania.^ cial steamboat. With Robert Fulton's steamboat, John Stevens, who shares credit with Fulton for the Clermont, and a boat built by John Stevens, the inventing the steamboat, is considered to be the use of steam power for vessels became firmly father of American railroads. In 1826 Stevens established. Railroads and the use of steam prop- demonstrated the feasibility of steam locomotion on ulsion developed separately, however, and it was a circular experimental track constructed on his not until the two systems merged that railroads estate in Hoboken, N. J. Three years later George began to flourish. Stephenson perfected a practical steam locomotive The use of rails for heavily loaded, wheeled in England. The first railroad charter in the vehicles to reduce friction was introduced in United States was granted to Stevens in 1815.^ England as early as the 17th century. The first Grants to others followed, and work soon began on American "tramroad" or "gravity road" was the first operational railroads. Surveying and erected in 1764 for military purposes at the construction started on the Baltimore and Ohio Niagara portage in Lewiston, N. Y., under the in 1830, and 14 miles of track were opened before direction of Capt. John Montressor, a British the year ended. (See entry 332.) This roadbed engineer, known to students of historical carto- was extended in 1831 to Frederick, Md., and, in graphy also as a mapmaker.