/$ &8/785$ 6WDPSDWRUL H OLEUDL QHOOD 0RGHQD FDSLWDOH GHJOL (VWHQVL <<8 *,25*,2 0217(&&+, 6WDPSDWRUL H OLEUDL QHOOD 0RGHQD FDSLWDOH GHJOL (VWHQVL 3HU OD SUHVHQ]D GHO GXFD H GHOOD VXD FRUWH LQ 0RGHQD/ DOO·LQL]LR GHO 6HLFHQ0 WR/ PROWH DWWLYLWj DUWLJLDQDOL H PHUFDQWLOL ULSUHVHUR QXRYR YLJRUH1 ,O SULPR WL0 SRJUDIR DG DSSURILWWDUQH IX *LRYDQQL 0DULD 9HUGL/ LO TXDOH DSUu QHOOD YLD GHO &DVWHOODUR OD VXD ERWWHJD1 (JOL FL KD DQFKH ODVFLDWR XQD HVDWWD GHVFUL]LRQH GHO0 OD VXD VWDPSHULD GDWDWD 5 OXJOLR 494441 /D VXD HUD XQD SLFFROD D]LHQGD FRQ GXH WRUFKL LQ WXWWR/ XQR SL• DPSLR H UREXVWR SHU VWDPSDUH IRJOL GL IRUPDWR ´UHDOHµ/ HG XQ DOWUR/ GHWWR ´FRPXQHµ/ SHU OD VWDPSD GL IRJOL PHQR JUDQGL1 (· LQWHUHVVDQWH QRWDUH FKH OD VXD WLSRJUDILD HUD GRWDWD GL XQD JUDQGH UDFFROWD GL OHJQL SHU VLORJUDILH 0 SL• GL PLOOH/ DQQRWD JHQHULFDPHQWH LO 9HUGL QHOOD VXD ´OL0 VWDµ1 5DSSUHVHQWDYDQR VRSUDWWXWWR ´VDQWL H ILJXUDPLµ GL WXWWH OH GLPHQVLRQL/ GDO IRUPDWR ´UHDOHµ/ FLRq GDOOH GLPHQVLRQL GL XQ IRJOLR GD VWDPSD FRPSOHWD0 PHQWH DSHUWR/ DOO·LQ RWWDYR SLFFROR1 ,QROWUH HJOL SRVVHGHYD DQFKH XQD EXRQD YDULHWj 0 FLUFD 533 SH]]L 0 GL ´DOIDEHWL LQWDJOLDWL LQ OHJQR GL YDULH VRUWHµ1 6X TXHVWD VWHVVD VWUDGD HG LQ TXHVWR DPELWR GL LQWHUHVVL VL VDUHEEH LQFDPPLQDWR/ GL Ou D SRFKL GHFHQQL/ DQFKH %DUWRORPHR 6ROLDQL> DQ]L QRQ VL SXz QHSSXUH H0 VFOXGHUH FKH TXHVWL OHJQL VLDQR SDVVDWL GDOOD ERWWHJD GHOO·XQR D TXHOOD GHOO·DOWUR1 *LRYDQQL 0DULD 9HUGL/ GD EXRQ VWDPSDWRUH LQWHUHVVDWR SULPD GL WXWWR DO ODYRUR LQ WLSRJUDILD/ QHOOD VXD ´OLVWDµ LQGLFDYD OD TXDQWLWj GHL FDUDWWHUL QRQ D SHVR/ PD VSHFLILFDQGR LO QXPHUR GL ´IRUPHµ FKH FRQ HVVL VL SRWHYDQR FRP0 ²²²²²²²² 4 $602/ $UFKLYLR 1RWDULOH GL 0RGHQD/ 1RWDLR *LRYDQQL 6DOVD/ E1 56:/ 47 JHQQDLR 4946= /L0 VWD GHOOD VWDPSD GL PH *LRYDQQL 0DULD 9HUGL GHO 5 OXJOLR 49441 &IU1 DQFKH (131 9,&,1,/ /D VWDPSD QHOOD SURYLQFLD GL 0RGHQD/ LQ 7HVRUL GHOOH ELEOLRWHFKH G·,WDOLD/ YRO1 ,/ 0LODQR/ +RHSOL/ 4<65/ SS1 7;80 8651 &IU1 DQFKH *1 0217(&&+,/ $]LHQGH WLSRJUDILFKH/ VWDPSDWRUL H OLEUDL D 0RGHQD GDO 4XDWWURFHQWR DO 6HWWHFHQWR/ 0RGHQD/ 0XFFKL (GLWRUH/ 4<;;1 'D TXHVWD SXEEOLFD]LRQH q VWDWR HVWUDWWR/ FRQ DOFXQH YDULD]LRQL/ LO FRQWULEXWR TXL ULSURGRWWR1 <<9 *LRUJLR 0RQWHFFKL SRUUH> LQ DOWUH SDUROH TXHOOR FKH SHU OXL FRQWDYD HUD LO ODYRUR GL FRPSRVL]LRQH HG LQ TXHVWD RWWLFD HUD XWLOH VRSUDWWXWWR VDSHUH TXDQWL IRJOL HJOL SRWHYD VWDP0 SDUH FRQ OH YDULH VRUWL GL FDUDWWHUL D VXD GLVSRVL]LRQH> SHU TXHVWR DQQRWDYD/ DG HVHPSLR/ GL SRVVHGHUH WDQWL FDUDWWHUL GL &DQRQ]LQR TXDQWL QH EDVWDYDQR SHU FRPSRUUH XQD IRUPD/ FLRq SHU VWDPSDUH O·LQWHUD IDFFLDWD GL XQ IRJOLR GD VWDPSD1 6DSSLDPR FRVu FKH OD FDSDFLWj GHO VXR ODYRUR GL FRPSRVL]LRQH FRQVL0 VWHYD LQ XQD IRUPD GL &DQRQFLQR> LQ GXH IRUPH GL &DQRQFLQR SLFFROR> LQ WUH IRUPH GL &RUVLYR JURVVR> LQ EHQ FLQTXH IRUPH GL 7HVWR G·$OGR> LQ WUH GL 6LOYLR> LQ DOWUH WUH GL $QWLFR FRPXQH> LQ TXDWWUR GL &RUVLYR FRPXQH> LQ GXH IRUPH GL *DUDPRQH HLQ XQD GL *UHFR1 2OWUH D WXWWL TXHVWL FDUDWWHUL HJOL SRVVHGHYD DQFKH ´RWWR FDVVHWWH FRQ OH VXH PDLXVFROH/ HW DOWUH FDVVHWWH FRQ IULVL/ H VHJQL FHOHVWL/ H TXDGUHWWL G·RJQL VRUWHµ/ QRQFKp ´XQ ODYDWRUH LQ OHJQR/ VFDQFHOOL/ EDQFKL/ DUPHUL/ FDVVHW0 WHHFDVVH/PDUJLQL/ VWHOOHWWH/ OLQHH HW DYDQWDJJL/ HW DOWUH FRVH DSSDUWHQHQWL D GHWWD DUWHµ1 6L WUDWWDYD FLRq GL XQD D]LHQGD FDSDFH GL SURGXUUH/ DFFDQWR DG LPPDJLQL VDFUH H DG RSXVFROL GL SRFR YDORUH/ DQFKH OLEUL GL QRWHYROH LPSH0 JQR FRPH JOL 6WDWXWD WHUUDH 6DQFWL )HOLFLV GHO 49451 3RFR DOWUR/ SHUz/ SRLFKp DQ0 FKH SHU *LRYDQQL 0DULD 9HUGL OD IRQWH SULQFLSDOH GL JXDGDJQR UHVWDYD OD OL0 EUHULD> XQ LQYHQWDULR GHL VXRL DYHUL UHGDWWR QHO 4946/ VXELWR GRSR OD VXD PRU0 WH/ UHJLVWUD FLUFD 4733 WLWROL/ XQD TXDQWLWj FHUWR QRQ WUDVFXUDELOH SHU XQD ERW0 WHJD GL TXHO WHPSR1 ,QROWUH HJOL/ FRPH PROWL DOWUL OLEUDL/ HUD WLWRODUH GL XQ PX0 OLQR GD FDUWD VXO WRUUHQWH 1L]]ROD/ YLFLQR D &DVWHOQXRYR 5DQJRQH/ HG DYHYD LQ DSSDOWR OD UDFFROWD GHJOL VWUDFFL SHU OD FDUWLHUD LQ GLYHUVL SDHVL GHOOD FDPSD0 JQD PRGHQHVH H QHOOD VWHVVD FLWWj GL 0RGHQD1 , VXRL HUHGL/ FKLXVD OD VWDPSHULD HG DEEDQGRQDWR LO FRPPHUFLR OLEUDULR/ PDQWHQQHUR OD FDUWLHUD H O·DSSDOWR GHOOD UDFFROWD GHJOL VWUDFFL ILQ ROWUH OD PHWj GHO VHFROR ;9,,/ HQWUDQGR VSHVVR LQ OLWH FRQ %DUWRORPHR 6ROLDQL FKH HUD ULXVFLWR DG RWWHQHUH O·DSSDOWR GHJOL VWUDFFL LQ DOWUL SDHVL GHO WHUULWRULR PRGHQHVH51 ,O GDWR/ SHUz/ SL• VRUSUHQGHQWH GHOO·LQYHQWDULR GHOOD VWDPSHULD GL *LRYDQ0 QL 0DULD 9HUGL q GD FHUFDUH SURSULR QHOOD SUHVHQ]D GL TXHOOD JUDQ TXDQWLWj GL OHJQL SHU VLORJUDILH1 6L WUDWWD/ FRPH JLj SHU LO FURFLILVVR GL 3DROR *DGDOGLQR H SHU OH ´IRUPH GD ILJXUHµ LQFRQWUDWH QHOOD ERWWHJD GL $QWRQLR %HUJROOL/ GL OHJQL GD XWLOL]]DUH QRQ WDQWR QHL OLEUL R QHOOH FDUWH DG XVR GHOOD FXULD YHVFRYLOH H ²²²²²²²² 5 $602/ $UFKLYLR SHU PDWHULH/ $UWL H PHVWLHUL/ 6WDPSH H VWDPSDWRUL/ E1 69/ %6ROLDQL%/ : DJRVWR 49871 ,Q TXHVWD VWHVVD EXVWD VL YHGD DQFKH O·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j FRPLQFLDWR DG DIIHUPDUVL LQ 0RGHQD O·D]LHQGD GL *LXOLDQR &DVVLDQL1 (JOL VYLOXSSz OD VXD DWWLYLWj LQ WUH GLUH]LRQL GLYHUVH1 ,Q SULPR OXRJR ULXVFu DG RWWHQHUH L SULYLOHJL HVFOXVLYL SHU OH VWDPSH FKH VHUYLYDQR DOOH FDQFHOOHULH FLW0 WDGLQH GHOOD FRUWH HVWHQVH/ GHOOD FRPXQLWj H GHO YHVFRYDGR> VL DVVLFXUz FRVu XQ WLSR GL FRPPLWWHQ]H FKH OR PHWWHYD DO ULSDUR GDOO·DQGDPHQWR VHPSUH DOHDWR0 ULR GHO PHUFDWR OLEUDULR61 ,Q VHFRQGR OXRJR VL ULYROVH DO SXEEOLFR PRGHQHVH FRQ WXWWH TXHOOH SURGX]LRQL GL SL• DPSLD GLYXOJD]LRQH TXDOL/ DG HVHPSLR/ OH RSHUH GL *LXOLR &HVDUH &URFH LQ FXL VL FLPHQWDYDQR XQ SR· WXWWL L WLSRJUDIL GHO WHPSR> LQROWUH/ QHO OXJOLR GHO 498;/ SHU WHQHUH DJJLRUQDWL L PRGHQHVL VXOOH LPSUHVH PLOLWDUL GHO GXFD )UDQFHVFR , FRQWUR JOL VSDJQROL/ $QGUHD &DVVLDQL VWDPSz DQFKH OD SULPD JD]]HWWD GL 0RGHQD/ FRPSRVWD GD -DFRSR $OHRWWL1 ,Q WHU]R OXRJR VL LPSHJQz D IRQGR QHOO·HGLWRULD GL SL• DPSLR UHVSLUR OHJDQGR LO SURSULR QRPH DOOH SXEEOLFD]LRQL GHL GXH SRHWL HVWHQVL DOORUD SL• LQ DXJH/ FLRq GL $OHVVDQGUR 7DVVRQL H GL )XOYLR 7HVWL1 $QFKH LQ TXHVWR FDVR LO ULVFKLR HUD EHQ FDOFRODWR= TXHOOR HFRQRPLFR DOPHQR/ SHUFKp SHU OH LQWHPSHUDQ]H DQWL0 VSDJQROH FRQWHQXWH QHOOH 5LPH GHO 7HVWL *LXOLDQR &DVVDQL SDVVz DOFXQL PHVL GHO 494: LQ FDUFHUH71 /·D]LHQGD GHJOL (UHGL &DVVLDQL DYHYD SXEEOLFDWR GD PHQR GL XQ DQQR OH VXH XOWLPH RSHUH/ TXDQGR/ QHO 49<6/ DSUu L SURSUL EDWWHQWL TXHOOD GHL VRFL $Q0 WRQLR &DSSRQL HG (UHGL 3RQWLUROL1 3UREDELOPHQWH OD VHFRQGD QRQ HUD DOWUR FKH OD FRQWLQXD]LRQH GHOOD SULPD> WDQWR SL• FKH *LRUJLR 3RQWLUROL 0 VHFRQGR XQD LQIRUPD]LRQH GHOOD &DQFHOOHULD GXFDOH 0 HUD YHQXWR D 0RGHQD 0 ´SHU ULID0 UH GH FDUDWWHUL GD VWDPSD SHO &DVVLDQL/ H SHU WDOH HIIHWWR YL VL HUD DFFDVDWRµ81 $QWRQLR &DSSRQL/ JLj OLEUDLR LQ 0RGHQD ILQ GDO 49::/ ULPDVWR GRSR SRFKL ²²²²²²²² 6 6XOO·D]LHQGD GL *LXOLDQR &DVVLDQL H GHL VXRL HUHGL VL YHGD $602/ $UFKLYLR SHU PDWHULH/ $U0 WL H PHVWLHUL/ 6WDPSH H VWDPSDWRUL/ E1 69/ &DVVLDQL1 7 6XO JLRUQDOH GL -DFRSR $OHRWWL H VXOOD FHQVXUD GHOOH RSHUH GHO 7DVVRQL H GHO 7HVWL VL YHGD *1 0217(&&+,/ $]LHQGH 111FLW1/ SS1 9<0:51 8 $602/ &DQFHOOHULD 'XFDOH/ 3DUWLFRODUL/ 3RQWLUROL1 <<; *LRUJLR 0RQWHFFKL DQQL O·XQLFR WLWRODUH GHOOD WLSRJUDILD/ ULXVFu DG RWWHQHUH LO SULYLOHJLR GL VWDPSD SHU OH FDUWH GHOOD FXULD YHVFRYLOH H/ SURSULR JUD]LH DO WLWROR GL ´VWDPSDWRUH YH0 VFRYLOHµ/ SDUH VLD DQFKH ULXVFLWR D WLUDUVL IXRUL GDL JXDL TXDQGR YHQLYD VRVSHW0 WDWR HG LQFULPLQDWR SHU FRPPHUFLR GL OLEUL SURLELWL= XQ JHQHUH GL DIIDUL QHO TXDOH VL FLPHQWDYDQR DOORUD TXDVL WXWWL L OLEUDL PRGHQHVL91 &RPH JLj L &DVVLDQL HJOL FHUFz GL XQLUH LO SURSULR QRPH DJOL VWXGLRVL DOORUD SL• DWWLYL D 0RGHQD= QHO 4:33 XVFu GDL VXRL WRUFKL OD SULPD HGL]LRQH GHO 'H PRUELV DUWLILFXP GL %HU0 QDUGLQR 5DPD]]LQL1 1HO FDSLWROR VXOOH PDODWWLH GHL WLSRJUDIL DJJLXQWR QHOOD HGL]LRQH SDGRYDQD GL TXHVW·RSHUD GHO 4:46/ O·DXWRUH LOOXVWUz OH GLVDJHYROL FRQGL]LRQL LQ FXL VL ODYRUDYD QHOOH D]LHQGH WLSRJUDILFKH H SUREDELOPHQWH YL SRVVLDPR FRJOLHUH DQFKH XQ ULIHULPHQWR/ SHU TXDQWR YDJR H JHQHUDOH/ DOOD VWHVVD VWDPSHULD FDSSRQLDQD= ´0L ULFRUGR FKH D YROWH TXDQGR HUR VWDWR VHGX0 WR SHU FLUFD TXDWWUR RUH SUHVVR XQ WLSRJUDIR SHU OD FRUUH]LRQH GL XQD PLD R0 SHUD/ SL• WDUGL DOO·XVFLWD GHOOD WLSRJUDILD PDQWHQHYR LPSUHVVH QHJOL RFFKL SHU0 ILQR GXUDQWH OD QRWWH OH LPPDJLQL GL TXH· SLFFROL FDUDWWHUL FKH DYHYR ILVVDWR FRQ WDQWD LQWHQVLWjµ:1 /D VWDPSHULD GL $QWRQLR &DSSRQL IX O·XOWLPD D FRQWUDVWDUH LQ 0RGHQD LO SDVVR DOO·D]LHQGD GHL 6ROLDQL WUD 6HL H 6HWWHFHQWR/ GRSR FKH 'HPHWULR 'HJQL/ SRFR DFFHWWR D FRUWH SHU O·LQGLSHQGHQ]D GL JLXGL]LR FRQ FXL FRPSLODYD OD SURSULD JD]]HWWD/ IX FRVWUHWWR QHL SULPL DQQL GHO 6HWWHFHQWR D FKLXGHUH LO SUR0 SULR JLRUQDOH HG LO SURSULR QHJR]LR HG D WUDVIHULUVL QHL GRPLQL SRQWLILFL/ SULPD D&HVHQDHSRLD3HVDUR;1'D XQD QRWD QRQ VRWWRVFULWWD GHO 49<5 DSSUHQGLD0 PR FKH 'HPHWULR 'HJQL QHOOD VXD ERWWHJD SRVWD QHOOD VWUDGD 0DHVWUD/ FLRq QHOO·DWWXDOH YLD (PLOLD/ ROWUH D YHQGHUH JOL DYYLVL GD OXL FRPSLODWL H VWDPSDWL/ YL HVHUFLWDYD DQFKH XQ SLFFROR FRPPHUFLR GL OLEUL H GL FDUWD VRSUDWWXWWR SHU OH ²²²²²²²² 9 1RQ SRFKH QRWL]LH VX $QWRQLR &DSSRQL