FINAL REPORT For Baseline Study of Integrated Platform for Gender Based Violence Prevention and Response (Sambodhan) Project GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL NATIONAL WOMEN COMMISSION January 2018 Published by: National Women Commission Bhadrakali Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal (This study was conducted by an external research team and not directly implemented by the Government of Nepal; therefore, the matters contained in this report are not official version of the government) Published: January 2018 Fieldwork and Initial Analysis: Technical and Financial Support Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................ viii Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Background and Context ....................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Purpose of the Baseline Survey ............................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER II: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 7 2.1 Sample Area Selection ........................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Household Survey Sample Size ............................................................................................. 7 2.3 NWC/CSOs/ Helpline Unit Sample Size ................................................................................. 8 2.4 Household and Respondent Selection .................................................................................. 9 2.4.1 Respondent Selection Criteria ........................................................................................ 9 2.5 Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.5.1 Household Survey Questionnaire ................................................................................... 9 2.5.2 Questionnaire for NWC, Helpline and CSOs staff ......................................................... 10 2.5.3 Focus Group Discussions .............................................................................................. 10 2.5.4 Key Informant Interviews ............................................................................................. 10 2.6 Field Work ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.7 Ethical and Safety Considerations ....................................................................................... 11 2.8 Quantitative Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 12 2.8.1 Definition of Major Variables ....................................................................................... 13 2.8.2 Analysis Methodology of Major Indicators .................................................................. 13 2.9 Qualitative Data Analysis .................................................................................................... 19 2.10 Pre-testing of the Household Survey Questionnaire ........................................................ 19 2.11 Quality Assurance .............................................................................................................. 19 2.12 Limitations of the Study .................................................................................................... 20 i | P a g e CHAPTER III: MAJOR FINDINGS ..................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Results Framework Indicators ............................................................................................. 22 3.1.1 Indicators Level Findings by District ............................................................................. 23 3.2 Demographic, Economic and Other Findings ...................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Demographic Profile ..................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Occupation and Income ................................................................................................ 28 3.2.3 Vital Documents ........................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Prevalence of GBV ............................................................................................................... 31 3.3.1 Perpetrators of GBV in the Latest GBV Incidents that were Heard or Witnessed by the Respondents .......................................................................................................................... 35 3.4 Trend of GBV ....................................................................................................................... 36 3.5 Personal Experience of GBV ................................................................................................ 37 3.5.1 Type of GBV Experienced by the Respondents ............................................................ 39 3.5.2 Perpetrators of GBV ..................................................................................................... 40 3.6 Support Seeking Behavior ................................................................................................... 42 3.6.1 Reasons for Not Seeking Services from Service Providers ........................................... 43 3.7 Knowledge on GBV .............................................................................................................. 45 3.7.1 Knowledge on GBV Types among Community People ................................................. 46 3.7.2 Knowledge of Legal Provisions Related to GBV among Community People ................ 48 3.7.3 Knowledge on GBV among NWC staff .......................................................................... 49 3.7.4 Knowledge on GBV among Helpline Staff .................................................................... 49 3.7.5 Knowledge on GBV among Staff of Implementing Partners ........................................ 50 3.7.6 Consequences to Perpetrators of GBV in the Cases that were Heard or Witnessed by the Respondents .................................................................................................................... 50 3.7.7 Respondents' Perception on Consequences of GBV on GBV Survivors ....................... 51 3.7.8 Respondents' Perception on Consequences of GBV on Other Women in the Community ............................................................................................................................ 51 3.8 Acceptance of GBV .............................................................................................................. 52 3.8.1 Acceptance of GBV among Community ....................................................................... 52 3.8.2 Acceptance of GBV among NWC Staff.......................................................................... 53 ii | P a g e 3.8.3 Acceptance of GBV among Helpline Staff .................................................................... 54 3.8.4 Acceptance of GBV among Staff of Implementing Partners ........................................ 54 3.9 Gender Unequal Attitude .................................................................................................... 54 3.9.1 Gender Unequal Attitude among Community People ................................................. 54 3.9.2 Gender Unequal Attitude among NWC Staff ............................................................... 58 3.9.3 Gender Unequal Attitude among Helpline Staff .......................................................... 59 3.9.4 Gender Unequal Attitude among Staff of Implementing Partners .............................. 60 3.10 Media Knowledge and Usage ............................................................................................ 62 3.10.1 Telecommunication Service Providers ....................................................................... 62 3.10.2 Ability of the Respondents to Use Cell Phone and Computer ................................... 62 3.11 Source of News and Information ...................................................................................... 64 3.11.1 Preferred Mode to Report a GBV Case....................................................................... 68 3.12 Knowledge on GBV Service Providers ............................................................................... 70 3.13 Awareness and Use of Helpline Numbers ......................................................................... 71 3.14 Recommendations to Combat GBV .................................................................................