JPHPI 2020, Volume 23 Nomor 1 Influence of extension activities on the competencies, Yanfika et al. Available online: journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jphpi THE INFLUENCE OF EXTENSION ACTIVITIES ON THE COMPETENCIES OF TRADITIONAL FISHERIES PROCESSING IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE Helvi Yanfika1*, Siti Amanah2, Anna Fatchiya2, Pang S.Asngari2, Abdul Mutolib1, Kordiyana K Rangga1 1Agricultural Extension Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35141 2Department of Communication Science and Community Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16688 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Accepted: March 6th 2019/Approved: April 25th 2020 How to cite: Yanfika H, Amanah S, Fatchiya A, Asngari PS, Mutolib A, Rangga KK. 2020. Influence of extension activities on the competencies of traditional fisheries processing in Lampung Province.Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 23(1): 22-30. Abstract Extension is an informal learning process that plays an important role in improving fisheries processors competencies. However, current extension activities that have been running so far are felt to be lacking so it is necessary to look at the effectiveness of conducting extension on traditional fisheries business related to methods, media, materials and capabilities of extension agents. This study was aimed to (1) analyze the effectiveness of fisheries extension activities in traditional fisheries processing businesses in Lampung Province, (2) analyze traditional processors competency levels, (3) analyze the effect of extension on processors competencies/capabilities in traditional fisheries processing businesses. This study used a quantitative approach enriched with qualitative analysis. The survey was conducted to obtain primary data using a questionnaire. The research location were in three districts in Lampung Province. The data analysis technique used descriptive and regression analysis. The results of the study were (1) the effectiveness of extension was still low, (2) traditional processors competencies belonged to the low category, and (3) the ability of extension agents affected the development of fisheries processors’ competencies. The effectiveness of extension is still low due to the limited extension methods. Therefore it is important to carry out extension activities with varied methods according to the target needs to improve the competency of traditional fisheries processors. Keywords: competence, effectiveness, extension, traditional processors Pengaruh Penyuluhan terhadap Kompetensi Pengolah Perikanan Tradisional di Provinsi Lampung Abstrak Kompetensi pengolah perikanan tradisonal masih rendah sehingga perlu proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pengolah perikanan. Penyuluhan merupakan proses pembelajaran informal yang sangat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pengolah perikanan. Namun, kegiatan penyuluhan yang selama ini berjalan dirasakan kurang sehingga perlu dilihat efektivitas penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pada usaha perikanan tradisional terkait metode, media, materi, dan kemampuan penyuluh. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menganalisis efektivitas kegiatan penyuluhan perikanan pada usaha pengolahan perikanan tradisional di Provinsi Lampung, (2) menganalisis tingkat kompetensi pengolah tradisional, (3) menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap kompetensi/kemampuan pengolah dalam usaha pegolahan perikanan tradisional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan diperkaya dengan analisis kualitatif. Survei dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer menggunakan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian berada pada tiga kabupaten di Provinsi Lampung. Teknik analisis data adalah deskriptif dan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa (1) efektivitas penyuluhan masih rendah, (2) kompetensi pengolah tradisional dalam kategori rendah, dan (3) kemampuan penyuluh berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan kompetensi pengolah perikanan. Efektivitas penyuluhan yang masih rendah disebabkan oleh metode penyuluhan yang terbatas pada metode ceramah, oleh karena itu penting untuk melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan dengan metode yang bervariasi sesuai kebutuhan sasaran dan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pengolah perikanan tradisional. Kata kunci: efektivitas, kompetensi, pengolah tradisional, penyuluhan 22 Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Influence of extension activities on the competencies, Yanfika et al. JPHPI 2020, Volume 23 Nomor 1 INTRODUCTION needs to be improved combining different The amount of fisheries production extension methods for enhancing knowledge reached 23,186,442 tonnes in 2017 including transfer and improve learning in agriculture to 7,071,452 tonnes from capture fisheries increase the skills of processors, improving the and 16,114,991 tonnes from aquaculture welfare of traditional processors in Lampung (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Province. (Labarthe and Laurent 2013; 2018). Fisheries production is processed in Prager et al. 2016). modern and traditional ways. Majority of the Thus, this research was conducted to fisheries production are obtained through (1) analyze the implementation of fisheries traditional ways to meet consumption extension activities in traditional fisheries demand (Junianingsih 2013). Of the 2.7 processing businesses in Lampung Province; million fishermen, 95.6 percent of them are (2) analyze traditional processors competency traditional fishermen operating around the levels; and (3) analyze the influence of extension coast (Asiati and Nawawi 2016). Traditional activities on the processors competencies/ processors must produce quality processed capabilities in traditional fisheries processing products in order to compete with products businesses. that processed in a modern way. Several studies suggest that the problems MATERIAL AND METHOD faced in traditional processing fishery products The study was conducted by survey include the availability of raw materials method in three districts in Lampung Province; (Talib 2018; Mutiara 2018), technology namely Tanggamus, Pringsewu, and East (Howara 2013; Mutolib et al. 2016; Asiati and Lampung Regencies on 2017. The population Nawawi 2016; Hasyim and Ohoiwutun 2017), was traditional fisheries processors (salted, facilities and infrastructure (Marwan et al. smoked, pemindangan (boiled salting) and 2013; Pitoy et al. 2017), and food additives fermentation) with a total of 570 processors. in handling and processing raw materials The number of samples was determined by the (Yuliana et al. 2011; Devi et al. 2016), as well as Slovin formula with an error rate of 5%, thus product safety. These problems are related to 235 respondents were obtained. The number of both technical and managerial competencies samples in each group was determined using of the processors in carrying out their business proportional random sampling technique (Setiawan 2010; Listiana et al. 2019). Qualified (Sevilla et al. 1993). technical and managerial competencies could The data include primary and secondary improve the quality of products, resulting in data. Primary information was obtained from sustainable traditional fisheries processing traditional processors of fish salting, fish businesses (Yanfika et al. 2019; Rahayu and smoking, pemindangan , and fish fermentation. Adhi 2016). Information as a support for the main data Extension is one of the most important was obtained from recording data that were external factors in improving competence, available in offices and a number of agencies because one's competency can be developed related to the research objectives. through training, seminars received in the Questionnaires were made in several extension activities. Fisheries extension needs forms including multiple choices questions to be well planned, to improve the ability that showed the ranking of answers, of processors carrying out their business. and statements with a Likert scale. On a Fisheries extension includes aspects of method, questionnaire with a Likert Scale, each material, intensity, and role of extension agents statement provided alternative answers that (Amanah 2005; Fatchiya 2010). According to could be chosen by respondents in accordance Huda (2010), fisheries extension agents must with the understanding and experience that have the expected capabilities compatible to the had been obtained (1, 2, 3 and 4 Scale). characteristics of fish processors, as corroborated by Shinn et al. (2009). The technique of Data Analysis delivering information in fisheries extension Technical data analysis uses descriptive Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 23 JPHPI 2020, Volume 23 Nomor 1 Influence of extension activities on the competencies, Yanfika et al. and regression. The variables in this study are Materials presented during extension the method (X1), media (X2), material (X3), activities were not suitable with the needs of the ability of the extension agent (X4), and the traditional fisheries processors. The materials processors competency (Y). presented by the instructors were about finance, marketing, and group development, Y = f(X1, X2, X3, X4) .... equation of regression Information: while the traditional fisheries processors Y: dependent variable need information about good and quality fish f: function processing methods. This gap means that the X: independent variable material received by the processor could not solve the traditional processser problems. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This is in line with the results of the study of In general, processors gave low rating