THE USE OF VOICE OF AMERICA (VOA) IN REPORTING THE U.S.’ – INDONESIA RELATIONS TO THE INDONESIAN PUBLIC (2001 – 2009): ANALYSIS ON PROGRAMS “APA KABAR AMERIKA”, “DUNIA KITA” AND “WARUNG VOA” By GANIS WICAKSONO 016201100068 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations Concentration in Diplomacy 2015 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled The Use Of Voice Of America (VOA) In Reporting the U.S.’ – Indonesia Relations To the Indonesian Public (2001 – 2009): Analysis on Programs “Apa Kabar Amerika”, “Dunia Kita” and “Warung VOA” prepared and submitted by Ganis Wicaksono in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in the Faculty of Humanities has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, April , 2015 _______________________________ Dr. Endi Haryono, M.Si ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled The Use Of Voice Of America (VOA) In Reporting the U.S.’ – Indonesia Relations To the Indonesian Public (2001 – 2009): Analysis on Programs “Apa Kabar Amerika”, “Dunia Kita” and “Warung VOA” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, April , 2015 _____________________________ Ganis Wicaksono iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The Panel of Examiners declare that the thesis entitled The Use Of Voice Of America (VOA) In Reporting the U.S.’ – Indonesia Relations To the Indonesian Public (2001 – 2009): Analysis on Programs “Apa Kabar Amerika”, “Dunia Kita” and “Warung VOA“ that was submitted by Ganis Wicaksono majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examinations on April 2015. _____________________ Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D _____________________ Dr. Endi Haryono, M.Si _____________________ Isyana Arslan, BA, M.Si iv ABSTRAK The Use Of Voice Of America (VOA) In Reporting the U.S.’ – Indonesia Relations To the Indonesian Public (2001 – 2009): Analysis on Programs “Apa Kabar Amerika”, “Dunia Kita” and “Warung VOA“ Tragedi penyerangan gedung World Trade Center dan Pentagon pada September 9, 2001 merupakan suatu peristiwa yang akan selalu di kenang oleh Amerika Serikat. Kejadian September 9, membuat Amerika Serikat memperketat keamanan negara. Hal ini di gunakan oleh media untuk meliput serta mengabadikan peristiwa September 9. Kemudian, VOA yang merupakan media Amerika Serikat, merupakan perantara untuk membuat citra Amerika di mata dunia kembali baik. Sebagai lembaga penyiaran internasional yang operasionalisasinya di selenggarakan oleh Amerika, VOA berupaya memberikan nilai suatu berita dalam pemberitaannya. Melalui liputan beritanya, VOA secara langsung maupun tidak langsung turut mempengaruhi pembentukan terhadap kebijakan dan pesan yang tersirat di dalam VOA menjangkau para penonton yang tersebar di dunia.VOA di gunakan oleh Amerika sejak perang dunia II, dan pasca serangan 9/11 kebijakan luar negeri Amerika mengalami perubahan dan disinilah peran VOA dalam citra pembentukan Amerika. Invasi yang di lakukan oleh Amerika, terkadang kurang di dukung oleh masyarakat dunia, khususnya masyarakat muslim. Seperti, invasi Amerika ke Iraq, Afghanistan dan negara muslim yang lain, dengan dalih memerangi terroris. Sehingga citra Amerika di mata dunia muslim menurun, akan tetapi VOA mempunyai peran untuk menaikkan kembali reputasi Amerika. Keywords: VOA, foreign policy, the U.S. national interest v ABSTRACT The Use Of Voice Of America (VOA) In Reporting the U.S.’ – Indonesia Relations To the Indonesian Public (2001 – 2009): Analysis on Programs “Apa Kabar Amerika”, “Dunia Kita” and “Warung VOA“ The tragedy of the attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 9, 2001 was an event that will always be remembered by the United States. September 9 incident, making the United States tightened security. It is used by the media to cover September 9 events. Then, VOA that the US media, an intermediary to make America's image in the eyes of the world back good again. As international broadcasters who operationalization held by America, VOA seeks to provide a news value in reporting. Through news coverage, VOA directly or indirectly influence the formation of the policy and the message implicit in the VOA to reach the audience around the world. VOA in use by the United States since World War II, and after the 9/11 attacks US foreign policy changes and where the role of America VOA in image formation. The invasion will be undertaken by the United States, sometimes less is supported by the world community, especially the Muslim community. Like, the US invasion of Iraq, Afghanistan and other Muslim countries, with the pretext of fighting terrorists. So that America's image in the eyes of the Muslim world to decline, but the VOA has a role to raise the reputation of America Keywords: VOA, foreign policy, the U.S. national interest vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrahmannirahim, This is my last project of my study at President University. I really thankful to Allah SWT that has this life, pray and give my life to him. Foremost, I would like to thank to my family that always support me until now, without them I cannot finish my study at President University. There are many experiences that I got, also many people that be my friends since I at President University. Thus, I would like to thank; 1. Allah SWT, the almighty one that gives me life. 2. To my family who have been supporting and give motivation for me. With them, I finally finish my study here and they have been struggling for me. I dedicate this degree for my parents and I really sorry for my father that I was not serious to study in my previous universities and this is actually as the prove that I deserve to be your son. 3. To Mr. Drs. Endi Haryono, M.Si and Mrs. Isyana Arslan, BA, M.Si that guide me to make this thesis. 4. Mr. Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D as the Dean of Faculty of Humanities. Thank you for all lessons since 1st semester to 8th semester. 5. Mr. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita Ph.D as Vice Rector III and lecturer. 6. Mr. Eric Hendra as the Head of IR. Thank you for taught me Intro to Law and Indonesian Legal System. 7. Mr. Hendra Manurung. Thank you to teach me how to be responsible in class. vii 8. All IR lecturers and staff at President University. Mr. M. Widodo, (Alm) Mr. Talib, (Alm) Mr. Sulaiman, Mr. Bantarto Bandoro, Mr. Sigit AR, Mrs. Fransiska, Mr. Erdin, Mr. Hikmawan, Mr. Emir C, Mr. Yugo also Mrs. Yunita. 9. My best friend Rio Anrico, thank you for the most loyal partner in ups and down since we first met in Sydney. 10. For HuhuHaha (Mark Hermawan, Appriliya Elshaviona, Duan Evan Marbun, Endro Oberson, M. Ikhsan, Jesse, Khairur, Fairuz A) and friends (Wasty, Putri Kuncahyo, Fillia I, Merry VA, Vinny, Farhan, Dyah Ayu Antik) thank you for the craziness moment that we spent together. 11. For F-5 (Azhar F, Mahfudz, Aris M, Rajiv Ambara, Abdul ‘Choy’ Khoir) thank you for the supported. 12. My ex-roommates (Rajiv Ambara, Dean Putra Rahman, Dharma Agastia) thank you for all the things and stories we made. 13. For PUTER family (Cristin D, Reza Romano, Maria O, Didiana F, Amal, Syahrul M, Megawati Rosalio, Akbar) thank you for be a part in PUTER. 14. Adam Satria L for being my friend in crime. 15. For all IR students at President University 2011. Thanks for everyone that I cannot mention one by one. Thank you for being my friends and always supported me. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER ......................................... ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................... iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET .................................................... iv ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xii LIST OF PICTURES ............................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xii LIST OF DIAGRAMS ............................................................................................ xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 I.1. Background of Studies .................................................................................. 1 I.2. Problem Identification .................................................................................. 4 I.3. Statements of Problems ................................................................................. 5 I.4. Research Objectives .....................................................................................