THE MAIN TEA ETA USA CEL20180190959A1 MAI TE RITA MARIA MATAT AN ( 19) United States ( 12) Patent Application Publication (10 ) Pub . No. : US 2018 /0190959 A1 ALKORDI et al. ( 43) Pub . Date : Jul. 5 , 2018 ( 54 ) NONOSTRUCTURED METAL ORGANIC Publication Classification MATERIAL ELECTRODE SEPARATORS AND (51 ) Int . CI. METHODS THEREFOR HOIM 2 / 16 (2006 .01 ) HOIM 4 /50 (2010 .01 ) ( 71) Applicant: KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY HOIM 2 / 14 (2006 .01 ) OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ( 52 ) U . S . CI. Thuwal (SA ) CPC .. .. .. HOIM 2 / 1673 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOTM 4 /50 ( 72 ) Inventors : Mohamed Helmi ALKORDI, Thuwal ( 2013 . 01 ) ; Y1OT 29 / 49115 ( 2015 . 01 ) ; HOIM (SA ); Mohamed EDDAOUDI, Thuwal 2 / 145 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIM 2 / 1653 (2013 .01 ) (SA ) (21 ) Appl. No .: 15 /852 , 231 (57 ) ABSTRACT Provided herein are nano structured electrode separators (22 ) Filed : Dec. 22 , 2017 comprising metal organic materials capable of attaching to Related U . S . Application Data one or more electrodes and electrically insulating at least one electrode while allowing migration of ionic charge (62 ) Division of application No . 13 /861 , 775 , filed on Apr. carriers through the nanostructured electrode separator . 12 , 2013 , now Pat. No . 9 , 853, 270 . Methods of using such electrode separators include posi (60 ) Provisional application No. 61 /625 , 973 , filed on Apr. tioning a nanostructured electrode separator between two 18 , 2012 electrodes of an electrochemical cell . Anode Separator, e. g . MOF/ CP / COFL Cathode Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 1 of 13 US 2018 /0190959 A1 Anode Separator , e. g . MOF /CP /COF Cathode Fig . 1 Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 2 of 13 US 2018 / 0190959 A1 Bridging group Polyvalent core Fig . 2A Bridging group Polyvalent core Fig . 2B Bridging group Polyvalent core comme Fig . 2C Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 3 of 13 US 2018 / 0190959 A1 Fig . 3A Fig . 3B Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 4 of 13 US 2018 /0190959 A1 P agnie we sox ! wwwwwwwwwww RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR ROOKU DOK SE Qeun ka W14 Fig . 4A myway * * * * * * * * * * * * * 365 * * * * & QQK105 mm20 Fig . 4B Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 5 of 13 US 2018 /0190959 A1 I 2X9X wwwwwwwwwwwwww * 2 Fig . 5A 65 um NVA few momme me me me me m. m . m . m. m mâ S?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? , Fig . 5B Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 6 of 13 US 2018/ 0190959 A1 ?: . :?? . .??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? 0 5 10 15 20 25 20 15 10 5 20 Fig . 6 Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 7 of 13 US 2018 / 0190959 A1 Fig . 7 Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 8 of 13 US 2018 / 0190959 A1 Fig . 8A Fig . 8B Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 9 of 13 US 2018 / 0190959 A1 X QUOS LOKRODUSE Fig . 9A mer ? 6 .0KV ) 0 SE 63 mm2.01 Qusnia ZOOFEG Fig . 9B Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 10 of 13 US 2018 / 0190959 A1 Relativeintensity * 0. 0 blueeen hommandantennammitini water that the map himmatawWw . wWWWWWWWWWt a him .. mmtanal 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 20 Fig . 10 Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 11 of 13 US 2018 /0190959 A1 Fig . 11 Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 12 of 13 US 2018 /0190959 A1 210 R17 YSa Fig. 12A um So here NWIN Fig . 12B Patent Application Publication Jul. 5 , 2018 Sheet 13 0f13 _ US 2018/ 0190959 A1 ??? cor * , ; ' * 4 24f82f8844K1:5 ?????? ?????? ???? ???? IV ???? ? ? ? 5 8 _ 19 _ 28 25 38 35 43 45 28 _ Fig . 13 US 2018 /0190959 A1 Jul. 5 , 2018 NONOSTRUCTURED METAL ORGANIC [0013 ] Advantageously , the nanostructured separator can MATERIAL ELECTRODE SEPARATORS AND allow for unprecedented control over ion conductivity and METHODS THEREFOR related performance characteristics of batteries or electro chemical cells . CLAIM OF PRIORITY [0014 ] Other aspects , embodiments , and features will be apparent from the following description , the drawings , and [0001 ] This application is a divisional of U . S . application the claims. Ser. No . 13 / 861, 775 , filed on Apr. 12 , 2013 , which claims thebenefit of prior U . S . Provisional Application No. 61/ 625 , 973 , filed on Apr. 18 , 2012 , which is incorporated by DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS reference in its entirety . [0015 ] FIG . 1 is a diagram illustrating a portion of a battery or an electrochemical cell. TECHNICAL FIELD [ 0016 ] FIGS. 2A , 2B and 2C are diagrams illustrating a lattice structure that can be built to create a nanostructured [0002 ] This invention relates to an electrode separator for separator. use in a battery or an electrochemical cell . [0017 ] FIGS . 3A and 3B are photographs of electrode pellet and nanostructured separator coated electrode pellet . BACKGROUND [0018 ] FIGS . 4A and 4B are micrograph images of elec trode pellet and nanostructure separator coated electrode [0003 ] Batteries and electrochemical cells can be used as pellet. sources of energy. Generally , batteries and electrochemical [ 0019 ] FIGS. 5A and 5B are micrograph images of elec cells include a positive electrode , a negative electrode , a trode pellet and nanostructured separator coated electrode separator between the positive electrode and the negative pellet. electrode that prevents electrical contact between the two electrodes , and an electrolytic solution in contact with the [ 0020 ] FIG . 6 is a graph depicting the X - ray powder electrodes and separator that permits ion migration . Elec diffraction pattern of the nanostructured separator on the trons flow from electrode to electrode via a conductor. The electrode pellet . physical and chemical properties of the separator can affect [ 0021 ] FIG . 7 is a diagram depicting the X - ray crystal the performance properties of the battery or electrochemical structure of the nanostructured separator on the electrode pellet10 . cell. [0022 ] FIGS . 8A and 8B are photographs of electrode pellet and nanostructured separator coated electrode pellet . SUMMARY 10023 ) FIGS . 9A and 9B are micrograph images of elec [ 0004 ] A separator for a battery or electrochemical cell can trode pellet and nanostructured separator coated electrode be a nanostructured separator . pellet. [0005 ] In one aspect, an electrode material includes an [0024 ] FIG . 10 is a graph depicting the X -ray powder electrode substrate and a nanostructured separator on a diffraction pattern of the nanostructured separator on the electrode pellet . surface of the electrode substrate . [0025 ] FIG . 11 is a diagram depicting the X -ray crystal [0006 ] In another aspect , an electrochemical cell compris structure of the nanostructured separator on the electrode ing an electrode substrate , a nanostructured separator on a pellet. surface of the electrode substrate and a second electrode in [0026 ] FIGS. 12A and 12B are micrograph images of the contact with the nanostructured separator. surface of an electrode pellet after pellet -press of a nano [0007 ] In another aspect, a method of forming an electrode structured separator. material includes forming the nanostructured separator on a [ 0027 ] FIG . 13 is a graph depicting the X - ray powder surface of the electrode support. diffraction pattern of the nanostructured separator on the 10008 ] In another aspect, a method of forming an electro electrode pellet . chemical cell includes forming the nanostructured separator on a surface of the electrode support and contacting the DETAILED DESCRIPTION nanostructured separator with the second electrode . [0009 ] In certain embodiments , the nanostructured sepa [ 0028 ] Referring to FIG . 1 , a battery or electrochemical rator can include a metal - organic material. The metal cell can include a cathode , an anode and a separator between organic material can be a metal- organic framework , a metal the cathode and anode . The battery or electrochemical cell organic polyhedron , or a coordination polymer . can be contained within a suitable housing (not shown ) . [0029 ] The battery and electrochemical cell include a [0010 ] In other embodiments , the nanostructured separa primary cell or a non - rechargeable battery or a secondary tor can be a covalent - organic framework . cell or rechargeable battery . Examples of a primary cell [0011 ] In certain embodiments , the nanostructured sepa includes an alkaline battery , aluminum battery , chromic acid rator can include a zinc or lead coordination compound , for cell , Clark cell , Daniell cell , dry cell , Earth battery , Galvanic example , a zinc terephthalate metal - organic framework or a cell , Grove cell , Leclanché cell , lithium battery , lithium air lead - ( 4 , 4 ' - sulfonyldibenzoate ) metal -organic framework . In battery , mercury battery , molten salt battery , nickel oxyhy other embodiments , the nanostructured separator can droxide battery , oxyride battery , organic radical battery , include a 2 , 5 - thiophenediboronicacid covalent- organic paper battery , Pulvermacher ' s chain reserve battery , silver framework . oxide battery , solid - state battery , voltaic pile , penny battery, [0012 ] In certain aspects , the electrode substrate can be a trough battery , water - activated battery, Weston cell , zinc - air manganese oxide . battery , zinc -carbon battery, or zinc chloride battery . US 2018 /0190959 A1 Jul. 5 , 2018 Examples of a secondary cell includes a flow battery , 0034 ] A nanostructured separator is a separator that has vanadium redox battery, zinc -bromine flow battery , fuel cell, nanometer or sub -nanometer sized features