Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Masters Theses Graduate Research and Creative Practice 8-2018 Annie Dillard: At the Altar of Nature Kelley A. Kasul Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Kasul, Kelley A., "Annie Dillard: At the Altar of Nature" (2018). Masters Theses. 892. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/892 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research and Creative Practice at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Annie Dillard: At the Altar of Nature Kelley A. Kasul A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts English August 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my mother, Ruth Kasul, for all your time reading and re-reading this thesis numerous times. I am grateful for your help with ideas for revision. I appreciate that you helped me find a topic I was excited about as well. I also wish to thank Avis Hewitt, PhD. for your help and guid- ance through this process. Thank you for sparking my interest in Annie Dillard and helping it flourish. It is greatly appreci- ated. 3 ABSTRACT This thesis intends to delve into Annie Dillard’s time spent at Tinker Creek. Why Dillard chose to go into nature is critiqued, as well as what she found. One of the things it appears Annie Dillard sought and found was a connection to the Divine. She had been searching for this connection in various churches but had not found what she needed there. There is another, perhaps more pressing, issue of the mystical journey Dillard went on as well. This was an internal journey, not a physical journey. Both of these topics are vetted for the purposes of furthering the study of Pilgrim at Tinker Creek as a primary nature text. Other texts by Annie Dillard were used in helping to give history in the writing of this thesis. These texts include: Holy the Firm, An American Childhood, and Teaching a Stone to Talk. Further work should be done to understand more deeply Dillard’s connection to nature. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Key to Dillard’s books……………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 Thesis………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………68 5 KEY TO ANNIE DILLARD’S BOOKS AAC=An American Childhood HTF=Holy the Firm PTC=Pilgrim at Tinker Creek TASTT=Teaching a Stone to Talk 6 Annie Dillard’s Pulitzer Prize-winning work, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek (1974), suggests a figure—-a believer or perhaps seeker--making a journey to a holy place. Nature is that holy place for Dillard, and she uses nature to show how she has been purified by her relationship with God. Nature, and more specifi- cally, Tinker Creek, is the destination. Dillard states that the creek “holds me at anchor to the rock bottom of the creek itself and keeps me steadied in the current, as a sea anchor does” (PTC 5). But if it’s all about the journey and not the destination, as people say, where is the journey? This thesis intends to show that Dillard’s journey took place internally. It was spiritual, mental, emotional; the journey was mystical. What does Dillard hope to find in nature? Why does she be- lieve that Tinker Creek is “an active mystery, fresh every mi- nute?” (PTC 4). Why does she wake “expectant, hoping to see a new thing?” (PTC 4). Pilgrim at Tinker Creek helps us see and live these questions but does not dare try to give the reader the answers. However, the journey that Dillard goes on while in nature needs to be vetted. This thesis will add to the limited amount of academic writing that investigates Annie Dillard’s reasons for going to Tinker Creek. Other authors have suggested her findings and critiqued her analysis of nature but have yet to delve into the basic question: why. Furthermore, this thesis 7 will follow Dillard’s mystical journey to help her understand God’s creation and her place within it. But why is nature so important? Dillard’s answer is that the subtleties of nature “are performed whether or not we will or sense them. The least we can do is try to be there” (PTC 10). Dillard sees innumerable fascinating things happening in nature and wants to be there for as many of them as possible: “for na- ture does reveal as well as conceal” (PTC 18). There are things we see in nature, and things that we miss entirely. This is the way it is to be. We are able to observe some things, but others will be totally obstructed from our view. “As an artist,” Dillard “reimagines a world that contains far more than we can see, a sacramental world. While theologians debate miracles and the supernatural, she renders the splendor of the ordinary” (Yancey 236). Though she cannot see everything, Dillard is going try because she believes it is important. Tietjen goes so far as to say that “Dillard would have liked to see God in the face if she could do so without dying” (102). Dillard approaches this seeing “as a holy calling” (Yancey 228). Dillard states, in her own words: “Come on I say to the creek, surprise me; and it does, with each new drop. Beauty is real. I would never deny it; the appalling thing is I forget it” (PTC 271). Furthermore, the creek “is the one simple mystery of creation from nothing, of matter itself, anything at all, the 8 given” (PTC 5). The creek given by the Creator, and the water within it helps Dillard feel grounded by keeping her “steadied in the current” of life (PTC 4). The Creator gave human beings a singular ability to see the good and bad of nature. Because of this ability to observe, we need to be there when the frog is eaten by the giant water bug like Dillard was (PTC 8). Dillard feels disgust seeing the giant water bug suck dry the innards of the live frog. Dockins believes Dillard is trying to show us that nature is not only “inherently cruel” but also “necessarily cruel” (638). If not for the water bug eating the frog, the gi- ant water bug wouldn’t be available for a larger animal to feed on. This is the circle of life. It is sometimes cruel, but it always goes on the way nature intended, despite our reactions to it. Dillard’s writing about her excursions into the wilderness of Virginia “is the weaving of a world—-not so much a search for Truth as a matter of description, an account which answers to her (and our) needs” (Cheney 42). She creates questions for her- self as well as us. However, she is not in search of the an- swers: she leaves that for us to find for ourselves. Part of this is seeing the frog being eaten by the giant water bug be- cause it shows us the power of nature. We need to see what na- ture is capable of, because we often overlook it. Nature is not 9 all pretty flowers and flowing rivers. It is also cruel and hor- rific in its dealings. Dillard attends to what goes on in nature because it is her form of prayer. Rather than follow prescribed prayers made by man, Dillard is making her own prayer, in a fashion that makes sense for her. This is what sets Dillard’s works apart from oth- ers. She is not only the author of a Pulitzer Prize-winning mem- oir, but also of her own experiences with nature. “Readers keep returning to her work because she describes what no one else has noticed with quite the same acuity” (Yancey 232). Dillard “helps us slow down, look closer, and breathe deeper as we stride through the natural world” while in fact, “[teaching] the rest of us to see” (Yancey 232). Dillard wants us to stop and smell the flowers, as the old adage goes. Dillard possesses the “additional attributes that the writer must possess, among them solitude or even isolation, pas- sion, and spiritual attentiveness” (Warren 123). “In ‘An Expedi- tion to the Pole’ she confesses her ‘taste for solitude,’ rel- ishing it for the concentration, silence, and single-mindedness it enables” (Warren 123). Being alone with and in nature is seemingly what Dillard does best. In fact, Warren believes that “for Dillard. spiritual attunement [and] a receptivity to the metaphysical” is required of an author like Dillard (125). Warren further states that “it is the task of the writer to 10 abandon herself to her materials so entirely that she disap- pears, and her subject emerges, clear and defined” (127). “Nearly always in Dillard’s descriptions [this] process is marked by struggle and suffering” (Warren 130). For Dillard, the struggle is sometimes that she becomes overwhelmed by what she is seeing. After seeing the giant water bug eat the frog, she states that she couldn’t “catch my breath” (PTC 8). Warren con- cludes her thoughts with: “To Dillard, the writer’s sacrifice is crucial in accomplishing the central purposes of language. Dillard must lose her life in order to find it again in the res- urrection power of the Word” (136). This losing of herself is crucial to the finding of the Divine within nature, it is her sacrifice.