Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Underground Laboratories: An Overview Maximilian Eisenreich Technical University Munich June 12, 2013 M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories 1 Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? 2 Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories 3 Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Very large and sensitive detectors needed Strong background reduction necessary Built hundreds of meters underground (often in mining shafts, trac tunnels) for reduction of cosmic ray background Radioactively quiet detector shielding against radiation from surrounding rocks (e.g. Uranium, Thorium, Radon decay) Mainly used for nuclear, particle and astrophysics, but other elds of research possible Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Experiments with extremely low detection/reaction rates M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Strong background reduction necessary Built hundreds of meters underground (often in mining shafts, trac tunnels) for reduction of cosmic ray background Radioactively quiet detector shielding against radiation from surrounding rocks (e.g. Uranium, Thorium, Radon decay) Mainly used for nuclear, particle and astrophysics, but other elds of research possible Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Experiments with extremely low detection/reaction rates Very large and sensitive detectors needed M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Built hundreds of meters underground (often in mining shafts, trac tunnels) for reduction of cosmic ray background Radioactively quiet detector shielding against radiation from surrounding rocks (e.g. Uranium, Thorium, Radon decay) Mainly used for nuclear, particle and astrophysics, but other elds of research possible Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Experiments with extremely low detection/reaction rates Very large and sensitive detectors needed Strong background reduction necessary M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Radioactively quiet detector shielding against radiation from surrounding rocks (e.g. Uranium, Thorium, Radon decay) Mainly used for nuclear, particle and astrophysics, but other elds of research possible Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Experiments with extremely low detection/reaction rates Very large and sensitive detectors needed Strong background reduction necessary Built hundreds of meters underground (often in mining shafts, trac tunnels) for reduction of cosmic ray background M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Mainly used for nuclear, particle and astrophysics, but other elds of research possible Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Experiments with extremely low detection/reaction rates Very large and sensitive detectors needed Strong background reduction necessary Built hundreds of meters underground (often in mining shafts, trac tunnels) for reduction of cosmic ray background Radioactively quiet detector shielding against radiation from surrounding rocks (e.g. Uranium, Thorium, Radon decay) M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Experiments with extremely low detection/reaction rates Very large and sensitive detectors needed Strong background reduction necessary Built hundreds of meters underground (often in mining shafts, trac tunnels) for reduction of cosmic ray background Radioactively quiet detector shielding against radiation from surrounding rocks (e.g. Uranium, Thorium, Radon decay) Mainly used for nuclear, particle and astrophysics, but other elds of research possible M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Purpose and General Characteristics of UGLs Figure: Schematic overview of the planned DUSEL facility Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Eective depth in meters of water equivalent (m.w.e.): Depth of water needed to reduce cosmic ray background to same level Usually ca. 2.65 times the vertical overburden of rock Figure: Cosmic ray muon intensity as function of depth [1] M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Size of experimental chambers: Possible number and size of experiments inside Nature of surrounding rock: Structural stability, shielding eciency Distance to other experiments, e.g. neutron sources Location inside mountain or straight underground: horizontal or vertical access, angular dependence of shielding General location: accessability, mining work, etc. Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Detector shielding: Often detector itself, measuring environment activity, allowing for anticoincidence M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Nature of surrounding rock: Structural stability, shielding eciency Distance to other experiments, e.g. neutron sources Location inside mountain or straight underground: horizontal or vertical access, angular dependence of shielding General location: accessability, mining work, etc. Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Detector shielding: Often detector itself, measuring environment activity, allowing for anticoincidence Size of experimental chambers: Possible number and size of experiments inside M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Distance to other experiments, e.g. neutron sources Location inside mountain or straight underground: horizontal or vertical access, angular dependence of shielding General location: accessability, mining work, etc. Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Detector shielding: Often detector itself, measuring environment activity, allowing for anticoincidence Size of experimental chambers: Possible number and size of experiments inside Nature of surrounding rock: Structural stability, shielding eciency M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Location inside mountain or straight underground: horizontal or vertical access, angular dependence of shielding General location: accessability, mining work, etc. Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Detector shielding: Often detector itself, measuring environment activity, allowing for anticoincidence Size of experimental chambers: Possible number and size of experiments inside Nature of surrounding rock: Structural stability, shielding eciency Distance to other experiments, e.g. neutron sources M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview General location: accessability, mining work, etc. Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Detector shielding: Often detector itself, measuring environment activity, allowing for anticoincidence Size of experimental chambers: Possible number and size of experiments inside Nature of surrounding rock: Structural stability, shielding eciency Distance to other experiments, e.g. neutron sources Location inside mountain or straight underground: horizontal or vertical access, angular dependence of shielding M. Eisenreich Underground Laboratories: An Overview Introduction: What Are Underground Laboratories? Fields of Research in Underground Laboratories Existing and Planned Underground Laboratories Important Parameters and Design Aspects of UGLs Detector shielding: Often detector itself, measuring environment activity, allowing for anticoincidence Size of experimental chambers: Possible number and size of experiments inside Nature of surrounding rock: Structural stability, shielding eciency Distance to other experiments, e.g. neutron sources Location inside mountain or straight underground: horizontal or vertical access, angular dependence of shielding General location: accessability, mining work, etc. M. Eisenreich Underground