Final Environmental Assessment Cape Lookout State Park Drainfield Relocation Project Tillamook County, Oregon FEMA-1733-DR-OR (Public Assistance) July 2009 U.S. Department of Homeland Security FEMA Region X 130 228th Street SW Bothell, WA 98021 Final Environmental Assessment Cape Lookout State Park Drainfield Relocation Project Tillamook County, Oregon FEMA-1733-DR-OR (Public Assistance) Prepared for: U.S. Department of Homeland Security FEMA Region X 130 228th Street SW Bothell, WA 98021 Prepared by: EDAW, Inc. 710 Second Avenue, Suite 1000 Seattle, WA 98104 July 2009 FEMA Cape Lookout State Park Drainfield Relocation Project Contents 1.0 Purpose and Need for Action ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Authority ................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Proposed Federal Action ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Purpose and Need ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.5 Related Activities .................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.6 Background and Location ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.7 Scoping and Issue Summary ................................................................................................... 1-7 1.7.1 Scoping ............................................................................................................................ 1-7 2.0 Alternatives ................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Alternatives Development ...................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Alternative Elements Eliminated From Further Consideration ....................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Alternative A - No Action ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.3 Alternative B - Proposed Action ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.4 Elements Common to Both Alternatives ......................................................................... 2-2 2.2 Summary of Effects ................................................................................................................ 2-3 3.0 Affected Environment & Environmental Consequences ............................................................ 3-1 3.1 Land Use ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Affected Environment ...................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Threshold of Significance ................................................................................................ 3-4 3.1.3 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................................... 3-4 3.2 Geology, Soils, and Shoreline Stability .................................................................................. 3-6 3.2.1 Affected Environment ...................................................................................................... 3-6 3.2.2 Threshold of Significance ................................................................................................ 3-9 3.2.3 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................................... 3-9 3.3 Hydrology and Water Quality ............................................................................................... 3-11 3.3.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 3-11 3.3.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-15 3.3.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-16 3.4 Vegetation and Wetlands ...................................................................................................... 3-18 3.4.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 3-18 3.4.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-23 3.4.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-23 3.5 Fish and Wildlife ................................................................................................................... 3-28 3.5.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 3-28 3.5.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-35 3.5.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-35 3.6 Threatened and Endangered Species .................................................................................... 3-38 3.6.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 3-38 3.6.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-42 3.6.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-42 3.7 Recreation ............................................................................................................................. 3-45 3.7.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 3-45 3.7.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-46 Final Environmental Assessment i FEMA Cape Lookout State Park Drainfield Relocation Project 3.7.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-46 3.8 Visual Resources ................................................................................................................... 3-48 3.8.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 3-48 3.8.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-50 3.8.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-50 3.9 Environmental Justice ........................................................................................................... 3-52 3.9.1 Affected Environment and Regulatory Setting .............................................................. 3-52 3.9.2 Threshold of Significance .............................................................................................. 3-52 3.9.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................................ 3-53 3.10 Cultural and Historical Resources ...................................................................................... 3-54 3.10.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................. 3-54 3.10.2 Thresholds of Significance .......................................................................................... 3-60 3.10.3 Environmental Consequences ...................................................................................... 3-61 3.11 Transportation and Access .................................................................................................. 3-63 3.11.1 Affected Environment .................................................................................................. 3-63 3.11.2 Threshold of Significance ............................................................................................ 3-64 3.11.3 Environmental Consequences ...................................................................................... 3-64 3.12 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................. 3-68 4.0 Consultation and Coordination ................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Public Involvement ................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Comments on the Draft EA.............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Agency Consultation and Coordination .................................................................................. 4-1 4.2.1 Endangered Species Act 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