VOL.2 No .4, 2016 The Future of INSIDE THIS ISSUE The Life of Mrs Gooch**** Chawton House Library What women writers wouldn’t say Chawton at Washington Our account of the Jane Austen Society of North America AGM FTER MORE THAN 20 YEARS AS Sandy has generously pledged to cover the costs of running the Library until the end of 2017, and to gift THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF a final lump sum to contribute towards the annual Seduction and Celebrity TRUSTEES, DR SANDY LERNER HAS A running costs thereafter. Her intention is that we What Mary Robinson is doing ANNOUNCED THAT SHE IS STEPPING DOWN should use her generous support as a ‘challenge’ in Greenwich FROM THE BOARD, AND TAKING ON THE gift to raise matched funding to secure the future HONORARY POSITION OF FOUNDING PATRON. of the Library. Sandy Lerner is a highly successful, innovative, Dr Linda Bree, of Cambridge University Press, our and original entrepreneur. Her career highlights interim Chair, writes: include co-founding Cisco Systems and starting the cosmetics company, Urban Decay, as well as ‘What Sandy Lerner has done in establishing Chawton more recent involvement in ethical and sustainable House Library is a magnificent thing, and what she farming, in accordance with her strong interest in animal welfare. Sandy has been honoured by many proposes – as she turns her attention, after all this time, universities and organisations around the world for to her other interests – is typically generous. We will now her extraordinary philanthropy. In May 2015, she need to work towards a sustainable future for the Library was presented with an honorary OBE for services which will pay tribute to her vision, and the years of to UK culture. time, energy and expertise she put into establishing it.’ A ‘Novel’ Holiday Gift Adopt a Book, or subscribe to The Journal of We are all immensely grateful to Sandy for With Sandy’s departure from the Board, we Louisa Lushington providing the original vision – and the core face challenges that will demand creativity and collection of rare books – for Chawton House commitment from our dedicated supporters. Building Library. Her drive to establish this unique on the foundations of the last 20 years, we will continue charity to promote early women’s writing in the to develop our international academic research profile, village where Jane Austen spent the last years of and the range of what we offer visitors to the house her life has been inspirational. Sandy’s financial and the gardens. We must protect and preserve this commitment, and her unswerving dedication in significant literary heritage for years to come, but with terms of her own time, have given Chawton House the support of our Patrons, Friends and the wider Library a tremendous amount of support for over public, we know we can secure our future. • two decades. Saying just what she **** tarnished reputation and rewrite her life story attention to it, but implicates the reader in doing as a tale of transgression and suffering. On the so: the reader has to fill in the gaps. other hand, however, there are jarring shifts in tone (from the aspiring actress relishing Richardson, similarly, uses graphic markers her finery, to the long-suffering heroine of to interrupt the letters of Pamela and sensibility, and back again), conspicuous gaps in Clarissa, heroines for whom the non-verbal the narration of events (some episodes of her life, symbol represents a range of emotions that such as her 16-year relationship with Banastre are unexpressed, often because they are Tarleton, get only a footnote), and structural unacceptable. Again, the visual marker inconsistencies (the first-person narration that physically takes the place of what is not begins in Volume 1 breaks off midway through articulated by the character, requiring the reader Volume 2, only to be continued ‘By a Friend’, to imagine the emotions felt, and therefore and then to be interrupted yet again by a letter encouraging him/her to participate in them. to an unnamed acquaintance ‘found’ by the Unfortunately, such typographical features are editor). These irregularities, omissions, and often omitted in modern editions of Clarissa and disruptions have long perplexed readers, fuelling Pamela, so that we lose sight of the meanings debates about Robinson’s level of involvement in they imply and overlook the ways that authors producing the published version of the Memoirs, such as Richardson were anticipating and Portrait of Mary Robinson. Frontispiece to Poems (1791). Taken from an its veracity, and Robinson’s motivations in attempting to control readers’ reactions to the engraving by Joshua Reynolds writing it. novels. r Susan Civale, a former The most salient of these anomalies arrives However, little attention has been paid to the when Robinson decides to leave her husband ways in which women’s writing of the period Visiting Fellow, explores for the Prince of Wales: her ‘fall’ from chastity. incorporates similar effects. It is often assumed In an emotionally and sexually charged, not to that women did not engage in this kind of the way that astute D mention highly overdetermined, moment— typographical play because, unlike their male women writers Mary Robinson and the one that the reader has been waiting counterparts, they often used intermediaries, for—Robinson’s narration ceases entirely, and and did not have the same direct access to the and Elizabeth Gooch use asterisks language is replaced by a series of 23 asterisks, printing house or contact with the booksellers. in their memoirs to say more than spread over 3 lines, followed by a note that ‘The And yet the life writing of Mary Robinson, and Narrative of Mrs Robinson closes here’. On that of her contemporary, Elizabeth Gooch, might appear. the next page begins the ‘CONTINUATION may indicate otherwise. By a Friend’, a third-person narrator-editor who transitions into a more general reflection on Actress and writer Elizabeth Gooch’s memoir, Mary Darby Robinson (1758-1800) came to Robinson’s ‘little known’ virtues before alluding The Life of Mrs. Gooch (1792), is a self-vindication prominence first as a beautiful London stage to the ‘conflicts’ and ‘passions’ she experienced protesting against injustices perpetrated against actress, and then as a national celebrity when at this pivotal time of her life. her (she says her husband falsely accused her of she embarked on an adulterous love affair with adultery), and defending her conduct. Gooch the teenaged Prince of Wales, later King George The abrupt termination of the narrative and the constructs herself as a heroine with a virtuous IV. When he broke off the affair, she turned to circumlocutions of the ‘Friend’ who continues heart who became a victim of circumstance. her pen for a living, and spent the remainder of it are not so much hidden as highlighted by the She emphasises her sensibility by reflecting her days transforming her public image from insertion of the asterisks. Though often ignored on the process of writing, and bemoaning the sex object to writing subject, publishing poetry, entirely, or simply dismissed as ‘accidental’, the torrent of painful emotions it precipitates: ‘Why fiction and non-fiction up to her death in 1800. use of this typographical feature is most likely cannot I write this page with composure? […] She also wrote an autobiography, Memoirs of the not an accident, but a graphic innovation why, at this long, distant period, do my eyes Late Mrs Robinson, Written by Herself (1801), borrowed from eighteenth-century fiction. swim in tears, and blot what I am writing— which was edited by her daughter Maria Writers such as Jonathan Swift, Laurence But I must not, I dare not revert to my own Elizabeth Robinson, and published the year Sterne, and Samuel Richardson are known to feelings—would that they were buried in a long, after she died. The Memoirs was popular at have experimented with ‘printer’s ornaments’, long oblivion!----’. Directly after this outburst the time of its publication and afterward (it was visual markers such as flowers, dots, dashes, follow three small asterisks, and then on the reprinted 10 times by the end of the Victorian and asterisks, all of which can stand in for next page 40 further asterisks replace the first period), though it received mixed critical reviews or supplement verbal text. The asterisk, in four lines of text. The asterisks enact not only and there were doubts as to its reliability. particular, is used by Sterne in Tristram Shandy a visual interruption in the writing, the effect (1759-67) to replace lewd content. At the same of the overwhelming emotion described in On the one hand, the Memoirs seems to be an time that Sterne appears to censor out the the previous paragraph, but also symbolise the ‘Apology’, a final attempt to rescue Robinson’s immodest, however, he in fact not only draws disintegration of her mental ‘composure’. The 2 | VOL.2 NO.4, 2016 THE FEMALE SPECTATOR FROM CHAWTON HOUSE LIBRARY asterisks here signal psychological authenticity and heightened emotion and work to evoke the reader’s sympathy. Like Gooch, Robinson also uses asterisks at a key moment in her story to underline the depth of her feelings. The asterisks convey her genteel sensibility (she modestly throws a veil over her past shame), and thus elicit compassion. Yet they also have a titillating effect. Robinson’s unwillingness to speak her emotions or to detail her transgressions fully leaves the reader to infer the thoughts, sensations, and actions that are concealed by the 23 asterisks. The asterisks highlight the illicit and erotic aspects of Robinson’s story, which, in refusing to name, she invites us to imagine all the more.