Initial Environmental Examination June 2021 Viet Nam: Climate Adaptation through Irrigation Modernization Project Prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 23 June 2021) Currency unit – dong (D) D1.00 = $0.000043 $1.00 = D23,017 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AH – affected household AP – affected person CAIMP – Climate Adaptation through Irrigation Modernization Project CaCO3 – calcium carbonate CHR – central highland region CO – carbon monoxide CPO – Central Project Office CRVA – Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment DARD – Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DONRE – Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment EA – executing agency EHS – Environment, Health and Safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EPA – Environmental Police Agency ERP – Emergency Response Plan FS – feasibility study FY – fiscal year GAP – good agricultural practices GDP – gross domestic product GOV – Government of Viet Nam GRM – grievance redress mechanism HDPE – high-density polyethylene HH – household IA – implementing agency IBAT – Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool ICM – Integrated Crop Management IEE – initial environmental examination IMC – Irrigation Management Company IPM – integrated pest management IS – irrigation system IUCN – International Union for the Conservation of Nature KBA – key biodiversity areas LEP – Law on Environmental Protection MARD – Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MOIT – Ministry of Industry and Trade MOLISA – Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs MONRE – Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPH – Ministry of Public Health + NH4 -N – ammonia nitrogen NO2 – nitrogen dioxide - NO2 -N – nitrite nitrogen NOx – nitrogen oxides O&M – operation and maintenance OHSS – Occupational Health and Safety Subplan OM – operations manual O3 – ozone PA – protected area Pb – lead PCR – physical cultural resources PIC – project implementation consultant PPC – Provincial People’s Committee PPE – personal protective equipment PPMU – Provincial Project Management Unit REMDP – resettlement and ethnic minority development plan SCADA – supervisory control and data acquisition SCR – south central coastal region SEA – strategic environmental assessment SER – southeast region SOE – state-owned enterprise SP – subproject SPPMU – specialized project management unit SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement SRVN – Socialist Republic of Viet Nam STD – sexually transmitted disease SUF – special-use forest TRTA – transaction technical assistance UXO – unexploded ordnance WAP – water allocation plan WHO – World Health Organization WUG – water user group WEIGHTS AND MEASURES BOD5 – biochemical oxygen demand cm – centimeter COD – chemical oxygen demand dB(A) – a weighted sound pressure level in decibels DN – diameter nominal DO – dissolved oxygen ha – hectare kg – kilogram km – kilometer kV – kilovolt kVa – kilovolt ampere m – meter m/s – meters per second m2 – square meters m³ – cubic meters m3/s – cubic meters per second masl – meters above sea level mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter oC – degrees celsius pH – a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution PM – particulate matter PM10 – particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers PM2.5 – particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers SO2 – sulfur dioxide TSP – total suspended particulates NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Viet Nam and its agencies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... x I. Project Description .......................................................................................................... 1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 B. Binh Phuoc Province ...................................................................................................... 4 SP1 Modernization of the Dau Tieng IS ....................................................................... 4 SP2 Modernization of the Phuc Hoa IS ........................................................................ 7 SP3 Modernization of the Can Don IS .......................................................................... 7 SP4 Modernization of the Loc Ninh IS .......................................................................... 9 C. Kon Tum Province .........................................................................................................10 SP1 Modernization of the C19, Ho Che and Ta Kan Reservoirs and Dak Long Weir ..10 SP2 Modernization of the Ong Dan, Kon Braih, and Dak Uy ISs .................................16 D. Quang Ngai Province .....................................................................................................18 Modernization of the Thach Nham and Nui Ngang ISs ................................................18 Pilot Scheme ...............................................................................................................21 E. Gia Lai Province ............................................................................................................22 SP1 Modernization of the Ayun Ha and Ia M'lah ISs ...................................................22 F. Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................................26 G. Budget and Timeline ......................................................................................................26 II. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework .............................................................. 27 A. Constitutional, Legal and Institutional Framework ..........................................................27 Constitution .................................................................................................................27 Legal Framework for Environmental Management ......................................................27 Institutional Framework for Environmental Management .............................................30 Institutional and Legal Framework for Health and Safety ............................................31 Legal Framework for the Irrigation Sector ...................................................................32 B. EIA Regulations and Requirements ...............................................................................32 C. Applicable Environmental Standards .............................................................................33 Air Quality ...................................................................................................................34 Surface Water Quality .................................................................................................35 Wastewater Discharge ................................................................................................36 Groundwater Quality ...................................................................................................36 Sediment and Soil Quality ...........................................................................................37 Noise and Vibration .....................................................................................................38 D. International Environmental Commitments ....................................................................39 E. Applicable ADB Policies and Requirements ...................................................................40 F. Other Relevant Guidelines .............................................................................................40 III. Current Environmental and Social Conditions ............................................................ 41 A. Country Overview ..........................................................................................................41 B. Binh Phuoc Province .....................................................................................................41 Physical Environment .................................................................................................41 Biological Environment ...............................................................................................42 Current Environmental Conditions ..............................................................................45 Socioeconomic Conditions ..........................................................................................47 Physical Cultural Resources and Sensitive Receptors ................................................48 C. Kon Tum Province .........................................................................................................49 Physical Environment .................................................................................................49