BIOENERGY NO 5 2013 Tchara : hoto P Compiling global statistics on biomass for energy for a ”GlobalBI OBioenergyENERG YOutlook” – A W ORLD Biomass Combined Heat - How do we get onO Fto OthePP sameORTUNITIES page? and Power (CHP) Biofuels for transport BIOGAS – AN IMPORTANT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE Good news for Mother Nature. She has a sound technical partner. Industry is ready for some good news. chemicals, and energy. The good news some good news – and ANDRITZ delivers. At a time when many industrial pro- is that every ANDRITZ innovation for Contact us for proven solutions for bio- cesses leave a large footprint on the renewable power generation that lowers mass handling, power generation, liquid planet, ANDRITZ is leading the way to greenhouse gases, shrinks the carbon biofuels pre-treatment, and solid biofuels minimal impact. ANDRITZ is a techno- footprint, and sustains higher production production at logy and service provider working at the at lower costs is not only good for your [email protected]. forefront of sustainable and renewable bottom line, but also good for Mother solutions for air, water, raw materials, Nature. Yes, the industry is ready for www.andritz.com Heinz Kopetz: Bioenergy – a world of opportunities !"#$% &'% ()*+, -")%#%*./ 0!!)$"0&")# was &e following articles are excerpts from a series of formed in !""# it has grown in both strength and fact sheets, produced by the WBA, to inform its read- FULL VERSIONS in$uence on a global stage through the support of ers of modern developments in the %eld of bioenergy. OF ARTICLES; governments, scientists and private sector funding. &e WBA is convinced that bioenergy is a sustainable, worldbioenergy.org Simultaneously we are ensuring that our work re- clean energy source that we will increasingly need, in mains scienti%cally veri%able and most importantly, order to one day completely rid ourselves from our impartial to all outside in$uence. &e WBA’s mission dependence on unsustainable, polluting or dangerous statement has not changed since its formation; ‘To energy sources. We are sure you will draw the same promote the use of sustainable bioenergy globally.’ conclusions from the information we have put together Today, the WBA is recognised globally by the IPCC, within these pages and we welcome (and encourage!) UN, EU, IRENA (International Renewable Energy you to join the discussion. Agency) and the REN Alliance (International Renew- For the full versions of the articles, please visit the able Energy Alliance). WBA website; www.worldbioenergy.org Since the industrial revolution governments’ for- eign policy and major industry across all sectors have Yours sincerely, dictated how time, e'ort and money is spent ensuring the continued extraction of fossil fuel resources in or- der to continue competitive international trade. Bioenergy is (often literally) a growing sustainable energy source and a vital part of the futures sustain- able energy system that has not “stolen food o' the table”, but in the future could actually add to interna- Heinz Kopetz, tional food security. President of the World Bioenergy Association Bioenergy today is woven into society on many lev- els, with public perception varying tremendously from country to country. WORLD BIOENERGY 2014 3–5 JUNE 2014 JÖNKÖPING, SWEDEN CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION WWW.WORLDBIOENERGY.COM ON BIOMASS FOR ENERGY Including World Biorefinery CONTENTS Bioenergy is published by the World Bioenergy Association Bioenergy – a world of opportunities 3 Holländargatan 17, SE 111 60 Stockholm, Sweden The WBA concept for the mitigation of climate change: 4 Tel: +46 8 441 70 80 100% renewable energy is possible Web: www.worldbioenergy.org E-mail: [email protected] Biogas – an important renewable energy source 7 Publisher: Heinz Kopetz Editors: Karin Haara, Andrew Potter Biofuels for transport 10 Sales: Andrew Potter Production: Malin Fredriksson The carbon neutrality of biomass from forests 12 Print: Ark-Tryckaren, Jönköping, Sweden CoVer photo: ©tchara Biomass combined heat and power (CHP) 15 Small-scale biomass heating 17 BIOENERGY NO 5 NOV 2013 3 INTRODUCTION above the 1990 level. Annual net CO2 emissions from anthropo- Recently the first part of the 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC on genic land use change were 0.9 GtC on average during 2002 to “Climate Change ” was published in Stockholm. The WBA has sum- 2011.” Hence the CO2 emissions caused by burning fossil fuels marized three important messages from this report as follows: are ten times higher than those of land use change! The chance for mitigation Human influence The IPCC publication also contains an optimistic message point- The human influence on our climate now appears effectively to ing out that mankind still has the choice to mitigate climate be proven. The report says: change in this century. In the report a mitigation scenario is “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant presented within the context of rather modest climate change. cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century”. In this IPCC scenario cumulative CO2 emissions of 270GtC are Fossil fuels as main cause of climate change assumed in the period of 2012 – 2100 as compared to 1685 GtC Burning fossil fuels is the dominant cause for the increase of emissions in the high emission scenario. The report concludes: “ Limiting climate change will require substantial and sustained CO2 in the atmosphere. The report explains: “There is an up- take of energy in the climate system due to the positive radia- reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.” tive forcing. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is In the remainder of this article the WBA will present a strategy caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 towards getting 100% of our energy from renewables in the since 1750.” and further: “ Annual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel future; a strategy that simultaneously leads to a more successful combustion and cement production were 9.5GtC in 2011, 54% mitigation of climate change. The WBA concept for the mitigation of climate change: 100% renewable energy is possible THE FIRST STEP ON THE Table 1: electricity generation sectors. White pellets MITIGATION PATHWAY: MORE Proposed electricity generation and also, in future, torri%ed pellets, have a THAN 50% RENEWABLES BY 2035! 2010, IEA 2035, WBA high energy density and can therefore be Energy sources TWh TWh &e cornerstones for the changes needed to traded worldwide at low cost, as long as the Fossil sources 14 447 3 200 the global energy system by !"() are: main consumer is located near the coast. In t"SFEVDUJPOJOUIFFOFSHZDPOTVNQUJPOJO Nuclear 2756 2 800 developing countries with a high share of traditional biomass and charcoal, the main the developed world, Total RE* 4207 32 600 focus will have to be improvements in e.- t(MPCBMMZBUXFOUZGPMEJODSFBTFPGXJOEBOE Total generation 21 408 38 600 solar energy from a relatively low level, ciency and technology used and to drive the t"UISFFGPMEJODSFBTFPGCJPNBTTGSPN Share of RE 20% 84% move to sustainable production. already relatively high levels, * electricity from wind, solar geothermal, hydro and biomass. t"IBMWJOHJOUIFVTFPGGPTTJMGVFMT Table 2: &e technologies and resources are avail- Proposed heat energy production able for this proposal of increased implemen- Heat Energy sources 2010, IEA 2035, WBA tation of renewable energies. What is still Paradoxically the heating sector is often Mtoe Mtoe needed is a reliable political framework and overlooked in the discussion about energy Fossil sources 3 320 1 576 conditions that attract private capital invest- strategies although for the developed world Bioenergy 1 132 2 684 ment for this energy revolution and clear and heating makes up about )"* of %nal energy. Other RES 38 516 simple rules to drive and guide a sustainable &e main sources of renewable heat are bio- development of biomass. &is transforma- mass, geothermal energy and solar energy. from geothermal 9 86 tion has to comprise the markets for electric- WBA proposes a strong push for renewable from solar thermal 29 430 ity, heat and transport. &e WBA proposes heat, especially based on biomass and solar Total renewable heat 1170 3 200 targets for renewable electricity, heat and thermal technologies. Total heat 4 490 4 776 transport until !"() in line with the mitiga- &is rapid growth of the use of biomass tion scenario of the IPCC. for heat requires speci%c strategies for dif- Share of RE 26% 67% ferent countries. In countries north of -) Electricity degrees latitude, biomass in the form of Transport &e WBA proposes a rapid deployment of wood chips, other wood residues and agri- In the year !"+" the share of renewables in renewable electricity such as electricity from cultural by-products such as straw should be the transport sector including road, train, wind, solar and other technologies with an increasingly used in district heating plants, ship and air transport, was low. Out of the annual growth rate of #.)*. Such a develop- plus the use of heat from biomass cogenera- total consumption of !(,/ Mtoe (00.)EJ) ment in combination with a stable produc- tion plants. But also the service and manu- /" Mtoe (!.) EJ) were covered by biofuels, tion of nuclear electricity would completely facturing sector will become an interesting mainly ethanol and biodiesel, and !- Mtoe change the structure of the industry. In !"(), market for this kind of biomass-sourced (+EJ) by electricity. As #"* of electricity was electricity demand will be higher than !"+", heat. not renewable in !"+" the total amount of with the share of renewable electricity above In addition, a rapidly growing pellets in- renewables in transport was only /-Mtoe, #"* and the fossil fuel-based electricity dustry will supply pellets for residential, corresponding to !.,*. reduced by more than ,)*. manufacturing and service sector, and for In the year !"() the WBA does not ex- 4 BIOENERGY NO 5 NOV 2013 pect a dominant role for renewables in the ported by additional energy transport sector.