Eva Maria Wilden Manuscript, Print and Memory Studies in Manuscript Cultures Edited by Michael Friedrich Harunaga Isaacson Jörg B. Quenzer Volume 3 Eva Maria Wilden Manuscript, Print and Memory Relics of the Caṅkam in Tamilnadu ISBN 978-3-11-034089-1 e-ISBN 978-3-11-035276-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-038779-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/München/Boston Typesetting: Dörlemann Satz, Lemförde Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com To the memory of T. V. Gopal Iyer and T. S. Gangadharan, men of deep learning and dedication, two in the long line of Tamil Brahmin scholars and teachers Preface After more than ten years of searching, digitising and editing manuscripts the series of critical editions published by the Caṅkam project of the École Fran- çaise d’Extrême Orient in Pondicherry is now complemented by an introductory volume of historical studies into the transmission of the texts and their witnesses. A three-years stay, from July 2008 to June 2011, in the Hamburg Research Group entitled “Textual Variance in Dependence on the Medium”, graciously funded by the German Research Association, enabled me to win the necessary distance from my ongoing labour in the jungle of actual textual variation to try to give an outline of the larger picture for one instance of a phenomenon known in cultural history, namely the formation, deformation and reformation of a literary canon over a period of almost two thousand years. Numerous are the people and institutions I have to thank for support and encouragement in this undertaking, beginning with the EFEO Pondy, where all the available primary material could be brought together, and Hamburg Univer- sity with the former Research Group and current Special Research Laboratory that provided and provides a congenial and intellectually stimulating multi- disciplinary environment for working on and discussing manuscript-related sub- jects. Special thanks to Michael Friedrich, the head of both Research Group and Laboratory, who followed this work over many years and suggested its publica- tion in the Hamburg manuscript series. I have to thank the curators, librarians and staff of the many libraries visited by the EFEO photo team with N. Ramaswamy and G. Ravindran, and especially those libraries that gave permission for the publication of illustrations, that is, the U. V. Swaminathaiyar Library and the Government Oriental Manuscript Library in Ceṉṉai, the Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai Ātīṉam‘s Caracuvati Makāl Library and Research Centre and the British Library. Special thanks go to all my colleagues from the Caṅkam project: to G. Vijayav- enugopal for reading colophons and mnemonic stanzas with me, to T. Rajeswari for providing me with information about the manuscripts of the Kalittokai, the text she has been editing for the last ten years, to Thomas Lehmann for his list of Caṅkam editions and particulars about the Aiṅkuṟunūru manuscripts perused by him for editing, to Emmanuel Francis, prospective editor of the Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai, for details about the still growing number of manuscripts and the paratextual material they enshrine, and, last but not least, my husband Jean-Luc Chevillard for reading Pērāciriyar, Nampi and Parañcōti with me, for constant discussions of the problems that were on my mind and for providing many passages and articles that otherwise would have escaped my notice. Thanks also go to my colleague Dominic Goodall and the team of Sanskrit scholars at VIII Preface the EFEO Pondy for reading the Sanskrit versions of the Caṅkam legend with me. Many ideas were first tested by me by presenting them at various meetings in the Hamburg Research Group. Many other colleagues and friends took part in dis- cussing concepts and material and provided me with further textual references and secondary literature, or read draft versions of chapters, among them Mita Arp, Giovanni Ciotti, Whitney Cox, Daniele Cuneo, Victor D’Avella, Alexander Dubi- anski, Sascha Ebeling, Elaine Fisher, Camillo Formigatti, Rich Freeman, Valérie Gillet, Christina Muru, K. Nachimuthu, Claudius Nenninger, Leslie Orr, T. Rajare- thinam, Sumathy Ramaswamy, S. A.S. Sarma, Charlotte Schmid, Takanobu Takahashi, Torsten Tschacher, Jaroslav Vacek, Vincenzo Vergiani and Katherine Young. My English has been polished by Cynthia Peck-Kubaczek. A number of manuscripts photos have been improved by my son Malte Nenninger. I am grate- ful to all of them and any other I might have forgotten. Eva Wilden, Pondicherry, June 2014 List of Abbreviations 1.1 Literary Texts, Treatises and Commentaries AiN Aiṅkuṟunūṟu AiN Ti. Aiṅkuṟunūṟu Tiraṭṭu AN Akanāṉūṟu AV Akapporuḷ Viḷakkam AV Nampi Nampi’s commentary on Akapporuḷ Viḷakkam Caṅk. Caṅkara Namaccivāyar’s commentary on Naṉṉūl Cēṉ. Cēṉāvaraiyar’s commentary on Tolkāppiyam Collatikāram Ciṟup. Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai HM Hālāsya Māhātmya IA Iṟaiyaṉār Akapporuḷ IA Nakk. Nakkīraṉ’s commentary on Iṟaiyaṉār Akapporuḷ IK Ilakkaṇakkottu Iḷ. Iḷampūraṇar’s commentary on Tolkāppiyam Eḻuttu + Collatikāram IV Ilakkaṇa Viḷakkam IV poruḷ Ilakkaṇa Viḷakkam, Poruḷatikāram KK Kaḷaviyal Kārikai Kali Kalittokai Kall. Kallāṭaṉār’s commentary on Tolkāppiyam Collatikāram Kūḻ. Kūḻaṅkait Tampiraṉ’s commentary on Naṉṉūl Kuṟiñcip. Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu KT Kuṟuntokai Malaip. Malaipaṭukaṭām Maturaik. Maturaikkāñci May. Mayilainātar’s commentary on Naṉṉūl Mullaip. Mullaippāṭṭu NA Naṟṟiṇai Nacc. Nacciṉārkkiṉiyar’s commentary on Tolkāppiyam or Caṅkam text (specified) Neṭunal. Neṭunalvāṭai N.Vir. Naṉṉūl Virutti Pari Paripāṭal Pari Ti. Paripāṭal Tiraṭṭu Pati Patiṟṟuppattu Paṭṭiṉap. Paṭṭiṉappālai Pattup. Pattuppāṭṭu X List of Abbreviations Perump. Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai PN Puṟanāṉūṟu Porun. Porunarāṟṟuppaṭai PP Periyapurāṇam Puṟatti. Puṟattiraṭṭu PV Pirayōka Vivēkam TA Taṇṭiyalaṅkāram Tēv. Tēvāram Teyv. Teyvacilaiyār’s commentary on Tolkāppiyam Collatikāram Tirum. Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai TNV Tamiḻneṟi Viḷakkam TP Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram TPi Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram counted after Iḷampūraṇar TP Iḷ. Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram, Iḷampūraṇar’s commentary TPn Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram counted after Nacciṉārkkiṉiyar TP Nacc. Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram, Nacciṉārkkiṉiyar’s commentary TPp Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram counted after Pērāciriyar TP Pēr. Tolkāppiyam Poruḷatikāram, Pērāciriyar’s commentary TVP Tiruviḷaiyāṭaṟpurāṇam VC Vīracōḻiyam YK Yāpparuṅkalakārikai YV Yāpparuṅkala Virutti 1.2 Libraries of Origin and Other Institutions AUL Aṇṇāmalai University Library University BN Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris BL British Library, London EFEO Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient GOML Government Oriental Manuscript Library, Ceṉṉai IAS Institute of Asian Studies, Ceṉṉai IFP Institut Français de Pondichéry/French Institute Pondicherry IGNCA Indira Gandhi National Centre of Arts MSSML Mahārājā Serfoji Sarasvatī Mahāl Library, Tañcāvūr NLK National Library, Kolkatta ORIML Oriental Research Institute and Manuscript Library, Kerala RMRL Roja Muthiah Research Library, Ceṉṉai STABI Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg List of Abbreviations XI TAM Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai Ātīṉam, Caracuvati Makāl Library and Research Centre TU Tamil University, Tañcāvūr UVSL U. V.Cāminātaiyar Library, Ceṉṉai 1.3 Handbooks, Editors and Publishers Cām. U.Vē. Cāminataiyar DEDR Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, Revised Edition, Burrow/ Emeneau 1984 Kaḻakam Caivacittānta Nūṟpatippuk Kaḻakam KOHD Katalogisierung der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland (Catalogue of Oriental Manuscripts) TL Tamil Lexicon, University of Madras T. S.G. pandit T. S. Gangadharan T. V.G. pandit T. V. Gopal Iyer Contents Preface | VII List of Abbreviation | IX I Introduction | 1 1 Sources, Methods and Aims | 1 2 The Corpus | 6 2.1 Its Constitution | 6 2.2 Its Fate | 15 3 Research History and Programme | 26 3.1 The Tamil Renaissance | 27 3.2 Tamil Manuscripts | 35 II The Manuscripts | 42 1 Surviving Caṅkam Manuscripts: Descriptive Catalogue | 42 1.1 Libraries of Origin | 43 1.2 Manuscript list | 44 1.3 Manuscript Catalogue | 50 1.3.1 Eṭṭuttokai | 50 1.3.2 Pattuppāṭṭu | 74 2 Manuscripts Reported in Catalogues and Editions | 87 2.1 Catalogues | 88 2.2 Manuscript Descriptions in the Editions | 99 3 Colophons and Library Information | 122 3.1 List of Available Colophons | 123 3.1.1 Eṭṭuttokai | 123 3.1.2 Pattuppāṭṭu | 125 3.2 Scribal Colophons and/or Information on Title Pages | 128 3.2.1 Eṭṭuttokai | 128 3.2.2 Pattuppāṭṭu | 133 3.2.3 Information from Scribal Colophons and Title Pages | 134 4 Summary: Age and Distribution of the Remaining Witnesses | 138 III Transmissional History | 146 1 The Invocation Stanzas (kaṭavuḷ vāḻttu) | 146 1.1 Kuṟuntokai 1 | 146 1.2 The Series by Pāratam Pāṭiya Peruntēvaṉār | 149 2 Traditional Colophons | 160 XIV Contents 2.1 Eṭṭuttokai | 161 2.2 Pattupāṭṭu | 166 2.3 Information from the Traditional Colophons | 175 3 Mnemonic Stanzas | 177 3.1 Eṭṭutokai (14 Verses) | 179 3.2 Pattuppāṭṭu (19 Plus 12 Verses) | 198 4 The Caṅkam Legends | 216 4.1 Introduction | 216 4.2 The Preamble to Nakkīraṉ and Its Late Metrical Echo | 218 4.2.1 Two Floods and Three Academies | 218 4.2.2 The Academy on the Ganges | 223 4.2.3 Two Floods and Three Academies in Verse | 225 4.2.4