TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, 8(2) April 2017 Published every April and October ISSN 2085-0980 ASPENSI International Journal for Historical Studies ALFINI BAHARUDDIN Hollandia Haven – Hollandia Binnen: Two Historic Towns in Jayapura City ABSTRACT: The history of the city seems to be beneficial in urban studies. Thematically, the discussion of the city is not only to look the city from the structural aspects, but also look at the historical reconstruction. The most important aspect of historical reconstruction is the time-bound development. Therefore, the thematic discussion of the city is essential to incorporate the discussion structurally with regard to the chronological aspect. This study relates to Jayapura City in Papua Province, that is located at the eastern end of Indonesia and directly borders with neighboring countries, PNG (Papua New Guinea). The geographical conditions of Jayapura City are very diverse and dominated by hills that lead to the formation of separated urban areas. Currently, there are two major parts of the urban areas well-known as Jayapura and Abepura. Historically, Jayapura and Abepura were two old urban towns, namely “Hollandia Haven” and “Hollandia Binnen”. The existence of two parts of the urban areas in Jayapura City is one of the interesting things to be studied to determine its relevance to historical factors of Jayapura City. The division of developmental stages into some phases was carried out to understand how the pattern of historical development of Jayapura City is. Results of the study showed that the two urban towns have existed since the established of Jayapura City and survived to date. The presence of both old towns form the characteristics of ‘‘two cities within a city”. KEY WORDS: Historic Towns; Two Cities; Hollandia Haven; Hollandia Binnen; Jayapura City. INTRODUCTION as the next direction of development of Province, located at the eastern end of the consists of rural areas and is being prepared Jayapura City is the capital of Papua Jayapura City, i.e. to the east of Jayapura City Republic of Indonesia and has direct borders until the border with PNG (Jones & Suhartini, (withKecamatan neighboring countries, PNG (Papua New 2014; and Pakasi, 2016). Guinea). This city consists of five Districts The diverse geographical conditions of ). At present, the development Jayapura City resulted in the formation of of urban areas has occurred in four Districts, separated urban areas. Nowadays, local namely: North Jayapura, South Jayapura, people know Jayapura City as Jayapura city Abepura, and Heram (Jones & Suhartini, area and Abepura city area, even though both 2014). Meanwhile, Muara Tami District still cities are located within the administrative About the Author: Alfini Baharuddin is a Doctoral Student at the Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering UGM (Gadjah Mada University), Jalan Grafika, Yogyakarta; and a Lecturer at the Department of Architecture USTJ (Jayapura University of ScienceHow to and cite Technology), this article? Jalan Raya Sentani, Padang Bulan,Hollandia Abepura, Haven Jayapura, – Hollandia Papua, Binnen: Indonesia. For academic interests, the author TAWARIKH:is able to be Internationalcontacted via Journale-mail at:for [email protected] Historical Studies Baharuddin, Alfini. (2017). “ Two Historic Towns in Jayapura City” in Chronicle of the article: , Vol.8(2) April, pp.143-152. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, ISSN 2085-0980. Accepted (October 25, 2016); Revised (January 15, 2017); and Published (April 28, 2017). © 2017 by Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 143 ISSN 2085-0980 and www.mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh ALFINI BAHARUDDIN, Hollandia Haven – Hollandia Binnen area of ​​Jayapura City (King, Elmslie & Gannon eds., 2011). The center of Jayapura city area is around Taman Imbi, while the center of Abepura city area is around Lingkaran Abepura. Both cities are separated by a hilly area known as Skyline. The well- known two urban areas in Jayapura City, i.e. Jayapura and Abepura cities, are not areasseparable are formerly from the thehistory centers of Jayapura City. Both urban the Dutch government and of old towns established by the Allies at the beginning of Jayapura City (King, Elmslie & Gannon eds., 2011; and Jones & Suhartini, 2014). Hollandia HavenThe area known as Jayapura was formerly called Hollandia, and Binnen the area known as HollandiaAbepura was Haven formerly called Hollandia. The area) of (which was later known as was located on Yos Sudarso Bay, with a narrow strip of Figure 1: Hollandia Haven and Hollandia Binnen land and being dominated by Jayapurahills. The andarea South is at present Jayapura an “ in 1956” administrative region of North 1 (Source: http://www.vanderheijden.org, 19/12/2016) government center into Hollandia Haven in districts (Jones & Suhartini, 2014). 1946. The Dutch government then moved its In this areas, for the first time, Captain Sasche built a government post in the form 1958 (Finney, 1970; and Pouwer, 1999). See of military bivouac and proclaimed the Jayapurafigure 1. (formerly Hollandia Haven) and establishmentHollandia of Hollandia Binnen on 9 March The existence of Hollandiaboth old cities, Binnen i.e.), 1910 (King, Elmslie & Gannon eds., 2011). Meanwhile, was located in Abepura (formerly the hinterland with widerHollandia plains. Binnen The area is resulted in two urban areas in Jayapura City. formerlycurrently the the administrative administrative center areas ofof Abepurathe The geographical conditions in the two cities and Heram Districts. was show unique characteristics, where almost Dutch government after the latter returned to partsall areas of the of the administrative urban areas areaare separated of Jayapura occupyAllies, which at the then end ofbecame the Second the center World of War the in geographically, but are similarly linked as 1 City. Considering the unique geographical [accessed in See, for example, “Jayapura Regency”. Available online at: phenomena in Jayapura City, the researcher https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayapura_Regency was interested in studying how the historical Yogyakarta, Indonesia: January 25, 2017]. development of Jayapura City. 144 © 2017 by Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, West Java, Indonesia ISSN 2085-0980 and www.mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, 8(2) April 2017 Picture 1: Picture 1: “Bivak Hollandia in 1910” (Source: K.W. Galis & H.J. Doornik,“Bivak 1960; Hollandia and http://www.papuaerfgoed.org in 1910” , 6/5/2016) METHOD(Source: K.W. Galis & H.J. Doornik, 1960; and http://www.papuaerfgoed.org, 6/5/2016) thematicbound development discussion of(Colantonio the city is &essential Dixon, to (2012)The historysuggested of the that city to furtherseems to simplify be 2009; and Basundoro, 2012). Therefore, the thebeneficial discussion in urban of the studies. history P. of Basundoro the city, the incorporate the discussion structurally with namely a chronological discussion and a stagesregard intoto the several chronological thematic aspect. development scope can be simplified into just a few parts, In this study, the division of developmental chronological discussion is to discuss the city fromthematic period discussion to the period (Basundoro, through 2012). the staging The phases with regard chronological aspect was done to understand how the pattern of FINDINGShistorical development AND DISCUSSION of Jayapura City is. of urban development to be studied; while Hollandia Bivouac in Humboldt Bay, the thematic discussion of the city requires 1909-1944. an understanding of problems that develop sciencein urban ( cfareas with a structural model, with Jayapura City has grown and borrowing concepts and theories of social formerlydeveloped a onsago land forest around and gardensHumbolt of Bay and StupariuKartodirdjo, et al 1982 and 1992; (currently Yos Sudarso Bay), which was Colantonio & Dixon, 2009; Basundoro, 2012; ., 2015). belonging to indigenous peoples, namely Thematically, the discussion of the city is Tobati, Enggros, Kayu Batu, Kayu Pulo, and not only to look the city from the structural Nafri tribes. Meanwhile, the settlement aspects, but also look at the historical of indigenous people was located on the reconstruction. The most important aspect water that lies scattered around Humbolt of historical reconstruction is the time-© 2017 by Minda MasagiBay Press in a and form UIN SGDof stilt Bandung, houses. West Java, The Indonesia initial ISSN 2085-0980 and www.mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh 145 ALFINI BAHARUDDIN, Hollandia Haven – Hollandia Binnen Hollandia establishment of Jayapura City began with Binnenmilitary bases was located in Humboldt Bay. the establishment of Hollandia Bivouac by The location of headquarters in the Dutch government in 1909. On 7 March was precisely located in the middle 1910, or on exactly six months later Captain of air force base and navy base (Godschalk, of Infantry F.J.P. Sachse proclaimed Numbayet al 1993; and Taaffe, 1998). Plain with a new designation, i.e. Hollandia The headquarters of General McArthur (Galis & Doornik, 1960; and Kambu ., was originallyHollandia built in Binnen Sentani, near the air 2009). See picture 1. force base, but was later moved to the area Until 1942, the development of urban known as (Taaffe, 1998). areas in Jayapura City has practically only suchIn this as region, hospitals the for residences American of troops, General