Review of PBF funded project: "Support for Sri Lanka national reconciliation efforts by addressing grievances of the concerned sections of the population through targeted resettlement of the last of the conflict affected internally displaced persons” Final Report June 2017 29, R.G. Senanayake Mawatha, Colombo 07. Tel: +94 11 4690200 Fax: +94 11 2676959 0 29, R.G. SenanayakeMawatha, Colombo 07. Acknowledgements The Research team from the Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA) was led by Nadhiya Najab, and was supported by Mehala Mahilrajah, and Malinda Meegoda. The team was also supported by Kusala Wettisinghe in her role as an independent consultant. The team would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Sri Dhayalini Sivalingam, Yogarajah Yokilas, and Luxshiya Thalayasingham in collecting and translating the data for this review. The research team would like to take this opportunity to thank Asha Abeysekara and colleagues at CEPA for their detailed feedback when compiling the report. The review was made possible by the support of local government officials in Jaffna and Trincomalee Districts, implementing agency staff, the project teams of UNICEF and UNHCR in Colombo and the project locations. The review would not have been completed without the participation and contributions made by the beneficiaries of the programme, and for this we are grateful. It is hoped that the findings from this review will be utilized by relevant officials – in government, development partners and implementers – to improve development interventions and create an enabling environment for individuals and communities to build a prosperous future together. 1 Abbreviations ACLG - Assistant Commissioner of Local Government ADS - Additional Divisional Secretary AGA - Assistant Government Agent AGDM - Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming ARR - Assist Resettlement and Renaissance BoI - Board of Investment CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board CEPA - Centre for Poverty Analysis DS - Divisional Secretary FGD - Focus Group Discussion GN - Grama Niladhari GoSL - Government of Sri Lanka HSZ - High Security Zone IASC - Inter-Agency Standing Committee IDMC - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre IDP - Internally Displaced Person IRF - Immediate Response Facility JSAC - Jaffna Social Action Centre KPI - Key Person Interview LLRC - Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission LTTE - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam MoH - Ministry of Health MoR - Ministry of Resettlement, Reconstruction and Hindu Religious Affairs MRE - Mine Risk Education MRR - Ministry of Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Refugees NELSIP - North East Local Services Improvement Project 2 NGO - Non-Government Organisation NWSDB - National Water Supply and Drainage Board PHI - Public Health Inspector PHM - Public Health Mid-Wife PBF - Peace Building Fund PTA - Prevention of Terrorism Act RDA - Reconciliation and Development Advisor RDHS - Regional Director of Health Services RDF - Rural Development Foundation SAH - Swiss Labour Assistance SDC - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SLF - Sevalanka Foundation SLRC - Sri Lanka Red Cross SLTB - Sri Lanka Transport Board SOND - Social Organisations Networking for Development SEZ - Special Economic Zone SOND - Social Organisations Networking for Development ToR - Terms of Reference UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Fund UNDP - United Nations Development Programme UXO - Unexploded Ordnance WASH - Water Sanitation and Hygiene WFP - World Food Programme 3 Contents Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................1 Abbreviations..........................................................................................................................................2 1. Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................6 2. Introduction and Background .........................................................................................................9 2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................9 3. Objective, Scope and Methodology of the Review.......................................................................11 3.1 Objective .....................................................................................................................................11 3.2 Methodology...............................................................................................................................11 Overall Approach ..........................................................................................................................11 Structure of the Review ................................................................................................................12 Tools..............................................................................................................................................13 Site Selection.................................................................................................................................16 Sample Selection...........................................................................................................................18 Limitations of the Review .............................................................................................................18 4. Context in which the Project was Implemented...........................................................................19 4.1 Resettlement Context – Sampur (District of Trincomalee).........................................................19 4.2 Resettlement Context – Jaffna....................................................................................................21 4.3 Assistance by other State and non-State Actors.........................................................................23 5. Overview of Key Project Outputs..................................................................................................25 5.1 Transitional Shelter and Latrines ................................................................................................25 5.2 Water Supply and Hygiene..........................................................................................................26 5.3 Formation of Mothers’ Support Groups and Health Services ....................................................26 5.4 Mine Risk Education (MRE).........................................................................................................26 5.5 Protection Monitoring Exercises.................................................................................................26 6. Outcomes of Resettlement Process: Main Findings .....................................................................28 6.1 Beneficiary Selection for Project Assistance...............................................................................28 6.2 Return Process ............................................................................................................................30 Motivations for Return .................................................................................................................31 Reasons for Delayed Return..........................................................................................................32 6.3 Provision of Assistance: Shelter, Water, and Sanitation.............................................................35 Transitional Shelter.......................................................................................................................35 Water Supply.................................................................................................................................37 Latrines..........................................................................................................................................38 6.4 Access to Services .......................................................................................................................40 Healthcare.....................................................................................................................................41 4 Education ......................................................................................................................................42 Transport.......................................................................................................................................43 Electricity.......................................................................................................................................44 6.5 Protection Needs ........................................................................................................................44 Mine Risk Education (MRE)...........................................................................................................45 Military Presence ..........................................................................................................................45 Vulnerable Groups ........................................................................................................................46 Overall/General Safety Concerns..................................................................................................47 6.6 Legal Assistance ..........................................................................................................................47