Oculomotor disorders in neck pain patients in neck disorders Oculomotor UITNODIGING Voor het bijwonen van de openbare verdediging van het proefschrift Oculomotor disorders in neck pain patients Op woensdag 16 januari 2019 om 09.30 uur precies in de Oculomotor disorders Prof. Andries Querido-zaal (Eg-370) van het Erasmus Medisch Centrum. Dr. Molewaterplein 40, in neck pain patients 3015 GD Rotterdam. Britta Castelijns Ischebeck Na afloop van de plechtigheid bent u van harte uitgenodigd voor de receptie in de foyer. Britta Castelijns Ischebeck Saksen Weimarlaan 56, 4818 LC Breda 06-46008080 - [email protected] Paranimfen: Karina Bölger - [email protected] Jurryt de Vries - [email protected] Britta Castelijns Ischebeck Castelijns Britta ISBN 978-94-6332-439-7 Britta proefschrift.indd 4-6 14-11-18 21:31 Britta_Uitnodiging dag.indd 1 28-11-18 08:22 Oculomotor disorders in neck pain patients Britta Kristina Castelijns Ischebeck Oculomotor Disorders In Neck Pain Patients Oculomotorische functiestoornissen bij nekpatiënten Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof. dr. R.C.M.E. Engels en volgens het besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op 16 januari 2019 om 9.30 uur Acknowledgements: The work presented in this thesis was performed in the Department of Neuroscience of Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, The Netherlands and in the Spine& Joint Centre, door Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Cover: Sjoerd Cloos Britta Kristina Castelijns Ischebeck Photo: Rob van Dalen geboren te Wuppertal (Duitsland) ISBN: 978-94-6332-439-7 © Britta Castelijns Ischebeck, 2018. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without permission of the author or the publishers of the included scientific articles. Oculomotor Disorders In Neck Pain Patients Oculomotorische functiestoornissen bij nekpatiënten Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof. dr. R.C.M.E. Engels en volgens het besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op 16 januari 2019 om 9.30 uur Acknowledgements: The work presented in this thesis was performed in the Department of Neuroscience of Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, The Netherlands and in the Spine& Joint Centre, door Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Cover: Sjoerd Cloos Britta Kristina Castelijns Ischebeck Photo: Rob van Dalen geboren te Wuppertal (Duitsland) ISBN: 978-94-6332-439-7 © Britta Castelijns Ischebeck, 2018. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without permission of the author or the publishers of the included scientific articles. Promotiecommissie: Promotor: Prof.dr. M.A. Frens Prof.dr. G-J Kleinrensink Overige leden: Dr. J.J. van der Dobbelsteen Prof.dr. G.M. Ribbers Prof.dr. J. van der Steen Copromotoren: Dr. J.N. van der Geest Dr. J.P. van Wingerden Paranimfen: Karina Bölger Jurryt de Vries, MSc In Gedenken an meinen Vater Ernst Friedrich Ischebeck Promotiecommissie: Promotor: Prof.dr. M.A. Frens Prof.dr. G-J Kleinrensink Overige leden: Dr. J.J. van der Dobbelsteen Prof.dr. G.M. Ribbers Prof.dr. J. van der Steen Copromotoren: Dr. J.N. van der Geest Dr. J.P. van Wingerden Paranimfen: Karina Bölger Jurryt de Vries, MSc In Gedenken an meinen Vater Ernst Friedrich Ischebeck Chapter 1: Inhoud Chapter 1: General introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 General introduction Chapter 2: Eye movements in patients with WAD: a systematic review .............................................. 21 Chapter 3: Eye stabilization reflexes in traumatic and non-traumatic chronic neck pain patients ...... 37 Chapter 4: Cervico-ocular Reflex Is Increased in People with Nonspecific Neck Pain .......................... 51 Chapter 5: What affects eye stabilization reflexes of chronic neck pain patients? .............................. 65 Chapter 6: The relation between Joint Position Error and Cervico-Ocular Reflex in people with non- specific neck pain. ................................................................................................................................. 81 Chapter 7: Small effects of neck torsion on healthy human voluntary eye movements ...................... 93 Chapter 8: Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Patients with Whiplash and Neck Pain are Modulated by Target Predictability ..................................................................................................... 109 Chapter 9: The influence of cervical movement on eye stabilization reflexes: a randomized trial.... 123 Chapter 10: General discussion........................................................................................................... 137 Chapter 11: Summary ......................................................................................................................... 149 Chapter 12: Samenvatting .................................................................................................................. 153 Chapter 13: Curriculum vitae .............................................................................................................. 157 Chapter 14: phD- portfolio .................................................................................................................. 159 Chapter 1: Inhoud Chapter 1: General introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 General introduction Chapter 2: Eye movements in patients with WAD: a systematic review .............................................. 21 Chapter 3: Eye stabilization reflexes in traumatic and non-traumatic chronic neck pain patients ...... 37 Chapter 4: Cervico-ocular Reflex Is Increased in People with Nonspecific Neck Pain .......................... 51 Chapter 5: What affects eye stabilization reflexes of chronic neck pain patients? .............................. 65 Chapter 6: The relation between Joint Position Error and Cervico-Ocular Reflex in people with non- specific neck pain. ................................................................................................................................. 81 Chapter 7: Small effects of neck torsion on healthy human voluntary eye movements ...................... 93 Chapter 8: Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Patients with Whiplash and Neck Pain are Modulated by Target Predictability ..................................................................................................... 109 Chapter 9: The influence of cervical movement on eye stabilization reflexes: a randomized trial.... 123 Chapter 10: General discussion........................................................................................................... 137 Chapter 11: Summary ......................................................................................................................... 149 Chapter 12: Samenvatting .................................................................................................................. 153 Chapter 13: Curriculum vitae .............................................................................................................. 157 Chapter 14: phD- portfolio .................................................................................................................. 159 Chapter 15: Dankwoord ...................................................................................................................... 161 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION NECK PAIN In the western world the prevalence of people with chronic neck pain is increasing and accompanied by growing costs for the health care systems 1–6. In the Netherlands the prevalence of chronic neck pain was estimated to be 14.3% (2009) 7. Despite all efforts, recovery rates were not substantially improved over the last decades. Half of the patients with traumatic neck pain do not recover within the first three months. This has a significant impact on their lives 8–10. While some individuals recover quickly and fully, others experience on-going pain and disability 11. It is not known yet why the process of recovery differs so much between patients. The onset of neck pain can be either traumatic or non-traumatic 1,3. However, the distinction between these two types is rather arbitrary, as we do not know which impact leads to eventual trauma and causes damage 12,13. Moreover, the impact of the trauma does not by definition explain the diverse symptoms Figure 1: Initial phases of head-neck response to automotive rear impacts. The rear impact initiates with the occupant in a neutral of the patient 8,14 and we do not know whether the characteristics of the course of recovery are different upright position. As the thorax is accelerated anteriorly, the head remains stationary during the retraction phase, producing an S- shaped cervical spine curvature. Eventually, loads from the thorax are transferred up the cervical spine and the head-neck between the two types of origin. Also other factors are predisposing factors for the prognosis 11. Some complex transitions into extension, with the cervical spine in an overall C-shaped extension curvature. The head eventually rebounds forward (not shown), and the cervical spine then transitions into flexion.12 patients suffer from severe symptoms after a mild trauma