THE ROCK CYCLE Created by Kayla Rooney New Terms • Weathering: the various mechanical & chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose. • Lithification: the process by which materials are converted into solid rock through compaction or cementation. • Sediment: minerals or organic matter deposited by water, air or ice. • Metamorphism: a change in the structure of a rock due to natural processes such as, pressure or heat. • Crystallization: the act or process of crystallizing. • Solidification: a change from a liquid or gaseous state to a solid form. Sedimentary Rocks • Formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once- living organisms. • Formation occurs through the processes of deposition and lithification on Earth’s surface. • Distinct layering and bedding Examples of Sedimentary Rocks Igneous Rocks • Formed when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. • Found near active tectonic plate boundaries • Two types: 1) Intrusive (Plutonic): Formed when magma is trapped deep inside the Earth. 2) Extrusive (Volcanic): Formed when magma exits and cools above the Earth’s surface. Examples of Igneous Rocks Metamorphic Rocks • Formed from other types of rocks (sedimentary, igneous or other metamorphic rocks) • Formed from the processes of high heat and high pressure deep within the Earth. • The final result is a more dense and compact rock with a new mineral make up. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks References • https://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/rxmin/rock2.html • https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-are-igneous-rocks?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products • https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-are-metamorphic-rocks-0?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products • https://www.dictionary.com/browse/weathering Images • http://www.studynotes.ie/wiki/formation-igneous-rocks-sample-answer/ • https://www.reference.com/science/can-metamorphic-rocks-found-3dd4f3f23f019b44 • http://easyscienceforkids.com/all-about-rock-cycle/ • http://www.iupui.edu/~g107/mod21/lecture05.htm • http://usenaturalstone.org/wild-ride-rock-cycle/ • https://www.coolkidfacts.com/sedimentary-rocks/ .