XA NTHI A N MA RBLE S T H E N E R E I D M O N U M E N T ; AN HISTORICAL AND MYTHOLOG ICAL Y ESSA . B Y WI L LIAM WATKI SS LLOYD . A L D I LON D O N W I LLI A M P I C K E RI N G . 1 845 . l l l l l Den Zusamm nhan und G ist des alten G laubens e g e , Dichwns und Bildens zu erforschen und in den W rk n dos Alterthums den reli iosen Mitwl unkt e e g p , w orin sie sich vereini en nacbzuw eisen . g , F n . C B E U Z ER . S I R C H A R L S F L L O W S E E , H E S E P E S E I N S B D T A G A R C RI E , H I S O B L I G E D F R I E N D , WI LLI A M WA TK I SS LLOYD . N E R E I D M O N U M E N T. THA OOEN EK ATKI HZ E AN OOT AI I O I E TO , A N H N E . X A N TH I A N M A R B L E S I T THE NERE D MONUMEN . N the course of a review of the relics and records of n n a o n ou n of m n a cie t Lyci , the heter ge e s ess the ele e ts that encountered w ithin its bo undaries is very striking n mo so om n on w a s om eve re , the c pact ati ality that c patible w —if not u f om — m u u n u n ith, it did res lt r , their t al i fl e ces a nd reactions . That this co untry should have rapidly become pa pulous a nd not su n n u f t highly civilized is rprisi g ; its at ral ertili y, n eou o ion and u f n adva tag s p sit , pec liarly de e sible character coming in to the assistance o f the energetic organism of ancient society : but much must still be ascribed to pecu n in o n on u on o f o liar happi ess the rigi al c stit ti the pe ple , to enable us to account for the unus ual harmony w ith w so ous n a nd om n n o a n hich parts vari , ble ded c bi ed i t w e d e n no m m n n operative hol . The pth ca ore be istake tha of n u n e w a s u the diversity, the i fl e c s that Lycia s bjected to l on to o a nd t a nd o , by early re ati s Arg s A tica, Crete Tr y, not to in sist on indications that s uggest Etrurian analogies w w and n s n a nd hoen a n to the est ard, Persia , As yria , P ici B 2 X A N T H I A N M A R B L E S : ea — r r r d r com n st yet eve y ecord that is recove e , eve y bi a on t u r a nd onfi m n ti hat is established , ill st ates c r s the i de endence — n on o n o f oun and p , the ati al pers ality the c try its civilization . n no u in s no t e Withi other eq al space A ia Mi r, are the m n t n w and o u ou n mo ai s hat i dicate past ealth p p l s ess, re t in a nd un n n in a a nd not w s rik g ab da t tha Lyci , else here are preserved such types of peculia rity in character of Cy clo ea n w o k f m of m a nd sa rcO ha us and re p r s, or s to b p g , m n of n u — no w o u in om n n ai s la g age, here else cc r c bi atio c a nd w n u n ow m n so so lose, ithi s ch arr li its, a alogies and of n n to m o and man diverse date so a cie t, the ythol gy n r f n s s o o un r . u w e o e s ther co t ies Lycia th s, hich pres t mu u own n no n mo so ch that is pec liarly its , prese ts thi g re n n of its o n om n n of m tha the exte t rigi al c bi atio aterials, or ow and f m all u t s and v m n of b r ed , ro q ar er ; the de elop e t m a mo n n this assi ilative ch racteristic here is the re i teresti g, as m n o n to on n —a t a i plyi g that it btai ed a c siderable exte t, ta n o or und n um n cer i peri d at least, er certai circ sta ces, w t o u on of fi o n u n s an i h p p lati s rst hist rical i fl e ce, Mede, Per i , a nd w w om n m n o t Greek , ith h the Lycia s ca e early i t e lation . Among these diversified combinations of the symbolism a nd n u of oun r e m n mo a tiq ities the c t y, Gre k ele e ts are still st n w r a nd so fa r salie t, as ell as chiefly att active ; their pre m n n in u n on un on m c u do i a ce s ch stra ge c j cti s, si ply o si m o to the on us on dered, ight pr bably have led c cl i that Greek colonizers of Lycia had received from some Asian u o or n nae mu u and m on of nu prec rs rs i dige , a sti l s i pressi u u n — too to be s al e ergy, betrayed by traces characteristic d m l l o m n n of ascribe to a ere oca devel p e t, eve the versatile N I T H E E R E D M O N U M E N T. 3 m n of r . To r u m m on the as umed i d the G eek a g e ore ight, s un ar u b ut sc r and gro ds, have appe ed hazardo s ; the di ove y , to a n n n fi on of n an ua e a cert i exte t, ide ti cati the Lycia l g g , —a n of n o—G ermt nic n b ut m m t bra ch I d i deed , ore re o e f m n n ad us nfid n L ro Greek tha Ze d, le s co e tly and far be ‘ yond . This displays how a lien was the ra ce with which the Greek came i nto connection in Lycia ; and the extent a nd um n of u n on o n m a nd circ sta ces its occ rre ce, c i s, to bs, u monu m n w n s how w a nd m n n wa s p blic e ts, it e s ide per a e t its d ffu n a nd n t t m w u i sio , vi dica e the er s by hich Herodot s indicates the distinctly non- Hellenic chara cter and man n of the n of own m . ers, Lycia s his ti e We u f us n of t n of a have th s be ore , evide ce the recep io and e n of n m n ir deep d cided ti ge Helle is , by a race e t ely un a n m n n of n r vin a llied ; phe o e o the highest i te est, that dica tes on mu w a s o w mos m b at ce ch that ther ise t i proba le, in the Homeric a nd mythic representations of the primitive intercourse of Greece a nd Asia ; and that must render the aeolo of f u o a n n arch gy Lycia a chie a th rity, capital i sta ce, in fu u em to e o a m n of f all t re att pts r c ver literal st te e ts acts, out of the legends preserved by the Greeks of their earliest n n foreig rela tio s . The tra ces of this combination in the Lycian remains n e om w om of but are i de d , as c pared ith H er, late date ; m w e h o on to n s a Ho er, as shall ave ccasi see, prese t pic u e of o e n in t n of t r Lycia, that c rr spo ds precisely the associa io and s n a w x in G reek A ia char cteristics, ith that e hibited the m n .