The Journal of Educational Development JED 6 (2) 2018 : 165-175 http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jed Background of the Creation of Heri Dono’s Wayang Legenda as a Basis of Developing Local Resource-Based Creativity Endang Widiyastuti1, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi2, Totok Sumaryanto Florentinus2 1. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia 2. Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info Abstract Article History: The education of art and culture contributes to the development goals of the Received 20 November Indonesian nation in the form of collective art (integrated art) of the whole art. 2017 Concretely, traditional art form in Indonesia can be found in wayang art. Accepted 27 December 2017 Globalization and the development of ICT in the show world now have a negative Published 1 June 2018 impact on the lack of interest of the younger generation to recognize the performance of wayang art, especially Solo cultural city. The research on the Keywords: background of the creation of the Heri Dono puppet legend involves the aspect of puppets, creativity the idea (source of ideas) that underlies the artist in the wayang puppets' way of development, children being a new wayang. This research uses qualitative-descriptive approach. The object of research is the process of making and events Wayang Legend show. Sources of research data are informants, places, events, and documentation. Data obtained through observation techniques, interviews, and content analysis to examine existing document study, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. The validity of the data is tested by triangulation of sources and methods. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis technique.The background of the Wayang Puppet creation Heri Dono stood on the consciousness of presenting himself, turning to tradition, and beginning in the 1980s. Experiencing puppet characters is related to understanding puppet show stories. Heri Dono reaffirms his belief that art is not separated from culture. Underlying his art making, he feels the need to develop the sensitivity to listen to the sounds and music, the sensitivity to motion and the sensitivity of telling. Heri Dono created two series of Legend Puppet: in 1988 "Si Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan" based on the legend of Batak society of North Sumatra and in 1992 "Momotaro" which raised the legend of Japanese society. The Legend Wayang Series uses vernacular as a medium for the disclosure of contemporary art; universal language is used to build communication within the sphere of the modern world, which incorporates the image of cartoons and comics. © 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang Correspondence: p-ISSN 2085-4943 Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36A, Jebres, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126 e-ISSN 2502-4469 E-mail: [email protected] 165 Endang Widiyastuti, T.R. Rohidi, F.T. Sumaryanto / The Journal of Educational Development 6 (2) 2018 : 165-175 INTRODUCTION (Mahabharata, Ramayana, Arjunasasrabahu and Javanese mythological stories), which are Education of art and culture can more often called complete as wayang kulit ( contribute to the development goals of the wayang kulit purwa). Over the centuries, Indonesian nation and is a collective art wayang culture has evolved into various types. (integrated art) because it embodies the entire The props develop into several kinds, including existing branch of art. Collective art in the form wayang made of paper, wood, leather, and of traditional art that includes art, dance, music, cloth, and wayang orang. theater, and language. In concrete terms, Now as entertainment and traditional collective art form (integrated art) can be found arts, puppet arts get extraordinary rivals from in the art of wayang in Indonesia as one of the other performing arts with all the technological most prominent Indonesian culture that sophistication they possess, such as music developed rapidly in Java and Bali. This art has performances (dangdut, rock, pop, and others) been acknowledged by UNESCO as an with stunning lighting arrangements; television institution in charge of the culture of the United entertainment such as soap operas and movies; Nations on November 7, 2002 establishing mushrooming theater with various types of film. wayang as the famous puppet show of Especially now, many performance applications Indonesia, a world priceless masterpiece of oral such as youtube audiovisual apps to watch and intangible Heritage of Humanity movies and joox audio applications and spotify (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of to listen to songs (music) via mobile devices. Humanity). The recognition of this world is These devices provide convenience to young strengthened by the emergence of the idea that people to get cheap entertainment without wayang is the result of Hindu creations or having to go to the show. Today's young culture so that the use of foreign terms in it. generation gets a lot of convenience from the However, such an opinion is erroneous. After a sophistication of Information and careful study, it turns out that wayang is the Communication Technology (ICT) that is result of the original creation or culture of the integrated with their social life. They use ICT to Javanese (Metrosedono, 1986: 6). This is meet, date, play, learn, and get to know each reinforced by the opinion of the Dutch cultural other. With just one touch of a finger, people get expert, Hazeau in his dissertation Bijdrage tot de a lot of information. That's the state of the Kennis Van het Javaanse Toneel (1987), which young generation now (kids now). The shows his belief that wayang is a genuine show incredible globalization and development of ICT of Java. Wayang it means carnival carved (skin in the performing world now have a negative carved) and the shadow is seen on the screen. impact in the form of the lack of interest of the Thus, the wayang in question is certainly the young generation nowadays to recognize the wayang kulit as we know it today (Hazeau in the wayang art performances as a traditional art, National Encyclopedia of Indonesia Vol. 17, especially in the Solo region which is considered 1991, p. 274). Hazeau mentions that during the a cultural city; this is a matter of concern. time of King Erlangga at the beginning of the Meanwhile, Solo is one city in Central eleventh century, puppets were performed in the Java that is identical with the cultural city with kingdom of Kediri, which at that time the slogan Solo The Spirit Of Java which means experienced glory. The wayang thing can be Solo is the soul of Java, meaning that the city of known from the book of Arjunawiwaha and Solo is a representation of Java. The word Java some inscriptions that mention the existence of is often identified with Central Java, especially wayang or aringgit which means dhalang Solo and surrounding areas. Solo symbol of this (Hazeau in Metrosedono, 1986: 6). Soedarsono cultural city is firmly attached to the existence of (1997, pp. 459-460) explains the term puppet Keraton Kasunanan Hadiningrat and literally. He said that wayang means "shadow Mangkunegaran located in the heart of Solo. In show", which is referred to the forms of wayang addition, Solo is also known as the city of that tell the ancient stories (purwa) Bengawan because of the existence of the river 166 Endang Widiyastuti, T.R. Rohidi, F.T. Sumaryanto / The Journal of Educational Development 6 (2) 2018 : 165-175 Bengawan Solo, the longest river that flows on as a heritage of the archipelago and the the island of Java. The Bengawan Solo river traditional arts that need to be maintained but basin community has characteristics similar to can develop following contemporary culture those of other river banks, but has the ability to without losing noble philosophical values. 2) socialize with communities outside their Rofiqoh Djawas (in Sabana & Syarief (Eds), community. They are not very good at 2014, p.356) describes the process of puppet socializing with the community. In addition, extinction caused by the intensity of modern some of them often violate regulations, have entertainment that is increasingly prevalent in unproductive activities, and some of them are society and the factor of the community system. street children. In addition, the Bengawan Solo Some researchers do research by exploiting the river banks are often exposed to severe floods potential of puppets (puppets) in art learning in that displace their property. This makes psychic children. Nikouei & Nasirabadi (2015, p.27-61) conditions vulnerable to criminality and lacks mentioned that puppet show participants had clear ideas for thinking ahead. Various forms of more positive attitudes, more accurate real- moral aberrations have a strong impact on the world knowledge about individuals with moral degradation of the nation. Their moral disabilities, and interventions that effectively quality declined due to the lack of strength of the changed their knowledge and attitude toward fortress from the influence of outside cultures disability. Remer & Tzuriel (2015, p.356-365) that are not indigenous cultures of Indonesia. mentions the effect of an intervention program One of the most crucial issues in society today is that integrates puppets as a mediation tool with the psychological state and individual moral learning motivation and literacy grade personality. In addition, character education is achievement of regular and special still a polemic in Solo society. Character kindergartens. In addition, Damajanti, et al (in education is considered less beneficial to all Sabana & Syarief (Eds), 2014, p.76) conducted parties; only educated people perceive the research on the influence of ethnic tradition as a importance and benefits of character education. fundamental concept in the artist's creative work In the 20th century, performances of (Heri Dono artist) in the creation of creative wayang performances undergo many changes. works. Heri Dono's works clearly show signs of Many efforts are made to support the life of ethnic traditions and phrases that highlight the puppet art.