Materials, tectonics and aesthetics ARK-E4007 Spring 2019 Karoliina Mäenpää, Heidi Peura & Maria Voronkova Maps Climate A little more to the south, but still on the north coast of Sumatra, in Medan too, around 2,000 mm (80 in) of rain fall per year, but precipitation is more evenly distributed over the seasons. Here the best months are February and March, but also June and July, while the rainiest period begins already in August, and lasts until December. Earthquakes Because of its geographic location along the Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia has suffered from hundreds of natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and floods. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or lower occur almost daily in Indonesia, while more major earthquakes have occurred about once a year throughout the nation's history. These earthquakes often trigger tsunamis or floods that devastate communities. The island nation has 136 volcanoes — 61 of which have erupted since 1900 — that are continuously monitored by the country's Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation. Major challenge of building in this area is the frequent earthquakes. The construction of Co-op center has already survived several quakes reaching over five on the Richters scale. This proves that the idea of separating different building components with different material frequency works. Cassia Coop Training Centre has passed the test of the forces of nature. Cassia Co-op Training Center Location: Sungai Penuh, Kerinchi, Sumatra, Indonesia Project: Training facility for cinnamon production Cost: 30.000 Euros Building period: August – November 2011 Built by: TYIN tegnestue Architects with local workers TYIN + Cinnamon Sumatra supplies 85 % of the cinnamon consumed worldwide. Sinister part of the industry is that usually workers are without rights, underpaid and they are working long days in unsafe and unsanitary factories. In this project developer and owner of cinnamon industry wanted to develop a socially sustainable operation, and set new standards in fair trading and worker welfare. The training centre is a school for local farmers and workers. “The trunks are a by-product from the cinnamon production and it has a low status among the locals. This low status, however, seem quite undeserved, and so we chose to utilize the trunks in everything from the main construction to the interior of the centre. The finesse of craftsmanship found on, amongst other things, the doors and windows of the centre, is some of the most impressive we have witnessed during our projects”, TYIN architects Cinnamon trees “Cinnamon is mainly used as a spice. Cinnamon is harvested just once every 10 to 15 years. The earliest the first harvest can take place is eight years after planting, when young trees yield about 5 kgs (11 lbs) of dry cinnamon. Like bamboo, cinnamon is an inherently sustainable crop. Cinnamon forests grow naturally, without the aid of agrochemicals, and are intercropped with other trees. 85% of the cinnamon in today’s world market originates from Indonesia. Most Indonesian cinnamon farmers grow their trees on small, remote parcels of land (known asbidangs) alongside other native species like surian, jati and malaku. They consider their cinnamon to be a “savings account,” hiring a team to harvest their forests only when additional income is necessary. A farmer might, for example, utilize his cinnamon to finance a family wedding. It takes 10 full-time workers about one month to harvest all of the cinnamon on a bidang. A typical harvest yields about 450 kgs (1,000 lbs) of cinnamon, but production can vary greatly depending on the age of cinnamon trees. Since plots are usually located outside of villages, water buffalo are used to transport the bark to collection points in villages.” https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/press-releases/introd ucing-certified-cinnamon-indonesia Cassia Coop By involving the locals in the construction process, TYIN was able to establish a framework for mutual exchange of knowledge and skills. All timber used is from cassia tree logs the by-product of cassia cinnamon harvest. About Cassia Coop production -Producer of cinnamon barks, essential oil, paper pulp, energy, timber Mount Kerinci is the highest volcano in Indonesia, and the highest peak on the island of Sumatra. It is surrounded by cinnamon trees and the lush forest of Kerinci Seblat National Park, home to the endangered Sumatran Tiger. The fertile soils of the slopes of the Kerinci high valley are very suitable for growing cassia trees since it grows best at an altitude of between 800 to 1,500 meters. A tree needs to be at least 10 years old before it can be harvested. Barks from younger trees are used to produce cinnamon sticks (7cm etc.) while older ones (15 - 35 years) provide raw material for Broken & Clean and ultimately cinnamon powder. The older the tree, the higher the volatile oil (VO) in the bark. Higher VO results in stronger flavor. ->email to cassia coop for getting information of cinnamon as a building material Some interesting point of views about cinnamon tree ” After all that human labor to produce it, all the effort and energy to ship it half a world away to us, you're going to end the video with just swizzling some coffee with it? If this video taught me anything, it's to respect and value a stick of cinnamon way more than I have done in the past.” comment in youtube video Cinnamon tree seems to be not so known as a building material. Also main of its products are transported far away from where it is produced. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0mSpoth6xU Cassia Co-op Training Center A B Section AA Due to earthquakes the strategy was to separate building smaller masses. This has already allowed the building to survive several earthquakes of over five on the Richter scale. A B Floor Plan Section BB Cassia Co-op Training Center Front Elevation West Elevation The combination of thermal mass and a lifted roof structure with deep eaves allows the building to be naturally ventilated. Sketches for all next slides are from Estelle Xin Yun Ang Architecture student from Malaysia(Manchester School of Architecture) Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Estelle Xin Yun Ang Sketches from TYIN Bricks are used in local buildings as well. Using simple cross-cladding technique makes walls more durable and earthquakes resistant. Video - http://cassia.coop/en/supply-chain/index.php?fbclid=IwAR1N_wrC5DsefXp1b0fnOiX_98poeAQ1Q-cnquvSIJ1_qQ4Gxu5CoVPzOl0 Sources: ● https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/press-releases/introducing-certified-cinnamon-indonesia?fbclid=IwAR1zVNIWwYbl_f_y6--598z9_p-J GxBU79LmmDhRszefiCe98Ep6u3fhdec ● http://cassia.coop/en/supply-chain/index.php?fbclid=IwAR2qvTG82WH8a4YWtFS0vQzyo1A9UZBAy1Sm_hmwPV1hOWMj-Es2GQCD 0qA ● https://estelleang.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/cassia-co-op-training-centre/?fbclid=IwAR1zVNIWwYbl_f_y6--598z9_p-JGxBU79LmmDh RszefiCe98Ep6u3fhdec ● https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/palembang.html ● http://www.tyinarchitects.com/downloads/?fbclid=IwAR2PWmq7agPYsq77tcS6Jw97yGU49Woscte3T8gj7PGwnCw5gKn4QFmiUzI ● https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/sumatra_indonesia_1626198 ● https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Illustrations-of-the-simple-assembled-brick-wall-a-the-ortostati-and-diatoni-masonry_fig4_2329785 25 .