Table of Contents Welcome Letter: Tej K. Bhatia 2 Welcome Letter: IAWE Leadership 3 Conference Committees 4 Session Chairs 5 Invited Speakers 6 Braj B. Kachru Memorial Event: Program 12-13 Syracuse Sponsors 14 Program Schedule 15 Braj B. Kachru Symposium: Program 32 Virtual Presentations 33 Posters 34 Abstracts 36 Index 135 Venue Maps 141 1 | IAWE 2017 Dear Colleagues, As Chair of the Local Organizing Committee, it is my distinct pleasure to host the 22nd Conference of the International Association for World Englishes at Syracuse University. Syracuse University has been a focal point for higher education in New York State since the nineteenth century. The university is home to thirteen schools and colleges, with leading programs in architecture, arts and sciences, business administration, communications, engineering, information studies and library science, sports management, and public administration. SU is fortunate to have a diverse and vibrant community of students and faculty, with over 20% of its student body drawn from international backgrounds, and we are excited to host such a globally focused event. The City of Syracuse is the home not only of the university, but also of an assortment of industries and businesses that grew in Central New York, following the path of the Erie Canal. The historic Armory Square district is not far from the university, and has restaurants and shops. The conference is dedicated to the memory of Professor Braj B. Kachru, the founder and dominant scholar of the field of world Englishes, who passed away in July, 2016. The highlight of the conference will be a symposium in memory of Kachruji, and, as he would no doubt have wanted, the local organizing committee has prepared a program featuring challenging lectures on a broad array of stimulating topics, with special emphasis placed on language in general and English in particular, in various contexts and connections, with identity, with emotions, with other languages, and with the spaces between languages, as well as in sociolinguistic, historical, and academic perspectives. It is our wish that in this conference, you find joy in the panoply of different approaches to world Englishes. Welcome to Syracuse, New York, and to IAWE 2017! Sincerely, Tej K. Bhatia Professor of Linguistics and Director of South Asian Languages Chair, Local Organizing Committee Vice President and President Elect, IAWE 2 | IAWE 2017 Dear Conference Attendees, We are delighted to accept on your behalf the kind welcome extended by Professor Tej K. Bhatia and the faculty, staff, and administration of Syracuse University. Some of you will have been fortunate enough to attend IAWE 2004 Syracuse, and will remember the beautiful campus, the lively and historic city, the interesting lectures and conference papers, and the many opportunities afforded to meet and converse with fellow travelers in the study of world Englishes. Those of you who are new to Syracuse are in for a treat, as are those of you who are new to the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE). The International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) aims to establish links among those who are involved with any aspect of world Englishes in research and/or teaching. The association focuses on global issues relating to language, literature, and pedagogy. IAWE is committed to the study of the forms and functions of varieties of Englishes in diverse cultural and sociolinguistic contexts. The plenaries, focus lectures, and other speakers arranged for IAWE 2017 admirably realize these aims. The roots of IAWE can be traced back to conferences held in 1978 which raised issues based on the rapidly increasing numbers of non-mother tongue users of English. These conferences provided the impetus for a more realistic approach and a new framework for looking at English in global contexts. They proposed concepts such as appropriateness, intelligibility, comprehensibility, and interpretability as pragmatic factors that determine the uses of English as an international and intra- national language. In May of 1992, IAWE was created with the aim of establishing links among those who are involved with any aspect of world Englishes. Further details concerning the goals, history, conferences, and members of IAWE can be found on the association’s website, www.iaweworks.org). Our meeting this year has an unexpected and more somber aspect than usual. Professor Braj B. Kachru, co-founder of IAWE, passed away in July, 2016. IAWE 2017 Syracuse will include a memorial session and a symposium of papers dedicated to the life and work of this inspirational academic. The 22nd Conference of IAWE, hosted by Syracuse University in Syracuse, NY, 2017, is the latest in a long line of successful conferences in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. We are grateful to Tej and his team of local organizers, for their generosity of time, effort, and support in hosting our meeting. IAWE, founded and fostered by Braj B. Kachru and Larry E. Smith, continues a tradition of openness, inclusivity, creativity, and a joy in the plurality of Englishes past and present. It is in this spirit that we continue the work begun by our founders, and it is for this reason that we dedicate this conference in loving memory of Braj B. Kachru, 1932-2016 With our best wishes, Cecil L. Nelson, President Daniel R. Davis, Executive Director 3 | IAWE 2017 IAWE Leadership Conference Support Staff President: Cecil L. Nelson Marie O’Leary Vice-President/President Elect: Tej K. Bhatia Colleen Kepler Past President: Suzanne Hilgendorf Chris Palmer Secretary/Treasurer: Aya Matsuda Executive Director: Daniel R. Davis Scientific Review Committee Chair: Maureen Edmonds, Syracuse University 2017 Conference Program Committee Azirah Hashim, University of Malaya Chair: Tej K. Bhatia, Syracuse University Yasemin Bayyurt, Boğaziçi University Peter Koveos, Syracuse University Margie Berns, Purdue University Margaret G. Hermann, Syracuse University Kimberley Brown, Portland State University Susan Coetzee Van Rooy, North West Local Organizing Committee (Syracuse University University) James F. D’Angelo, Chukyo University Chair: Tej K. Bhatia Daniel R. Davis, University of Michigan – Amanda Brown Dearborn Zachary Ambrose Driscoll Shirley Dita, De La Salle University Maureen Edmonds Seran Doğançay-Aktuna, Southern Illinois Emily Grenz University-Edwardsville Matthew Hammill Patricia Friedrich, Arizona State University Youmie J. Kim Ravinder Gargesh, Jawaharlal Nehru University Socorro Kosecki Matthew J Hammill, Syracuse University Jaklin Kornfilt Yingyi Ma Suzanne Hilgendorf, Simon Fraser University Mark Alan McGuire Nobuyuki Hino, Osaka University Ian C. Mathewson Nkonko Kamwangamalu, Howard University Erica Rae Miller Youmie J Kim, Syracuse University Catherine Nock Andy Kirkpatrick, Griffith University Jamie Shinhee Lee, University of Michigan- International Organizing Committee Dearborn Chair: Daniel R. Davis, University of Michigan- Isabel Pefianco Martin, Ateneo de Manila Dearborn University Yasemin Bayyurt,Boğaziçi University Aya Matsuda, Arizona State University Kingsley Bolton, Nanyang Technological Andrew Moody, University of Macau University Anjali Pandey, Salisbury University Ravinder Gargesh, Jawaharlal Nehru University Zoya Proshina, Moscow State University Aya Matsuda, Arizona State University Denis Samburskiy, Syracuse University Ali Fuad Selvi, Middle East Technical University Professor Braj B. Kachru Symposium Anamika Sharma, Nagoya University of Foreign Committee Studies Tej Bhatia S.N. Sridhar, SUNY Stonybrook, New York Eyamba Bokamba Bertus Van Rooy, North West University Daniel R. Davis Paola Vettorel, University of Verona Rajeshwari Pandharipande Jonathan Webster, City University Hong Kong S.N. Sridhar Jonathan Webster 4 | IAWE 2017 Session Chairs Alexandra Rivlina, National Research University Nkonko Kamwangamalu, Howard University Higher School of Economics (Moscow) Peter De Costa, Michigan State University Amanda Brown, Syracuse University Rajesh Kumar, IIT, Madras, India Rajeshwari Pandharpande, University of Illinois Andrew Moody, University of Macau Urbana-Champaign Asha Tickoo, University of Gothenburg Ravinder Gargesh, Jawaharlal Nehru University Richard Hallett, Northeastern Illinois University Aya Matsuda, Arizona State University Susan Coetzee Van Rooy, North West University Azirah Hashim, University of Malaya Ubong Josiah, University of Uyo University Bertus Van Rooy, North West University Yasemin Bayyurt, Boğaziçi University Cecil Nelson, Indiana University Ying Ying Tan, Nanyang Technological University Cecilia Suarez, Ateneo de Manila University Yingyi Ma, Syracuse University Daniel Davis, University of Michigan – Dearborn Eyamba Bokamba, University of Illinois Irina Ustinova, Southeast Missouri State University Margaret Hermann, Syracuse University Jia-Ling Hsu, National Taiwan University Kamal K. Sridhar, SUNY Stonybrook, New York Kingsley Bolton, Nanyang Technological University Margie Berns, Purdue University Maureen Edmonds, Syracuse University 5 | IAWE 2017 Invited Speakers 6 | IAWE 2017 Plenary Speakers Salikoko S. Mufwene is the Frank J. McLoraine Distinguished Service Professor of Linguistics and the College, Professor on the Committee on Evolutionary Biology, and Professor on the Committee on the Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science, at the University of Chicago. His current research is on language evolution from an ecological perspective, including the phylogenetic emergence of language and how languages have been affected