No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (MOARD) THE STUDY ON THE INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THE BARINGO SEMI ARID LAND AREA (MARIGAT AND MUKUTANI DIVISIONS) IN THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA FINAL REPORT MASTER PLAN MARCH 2002 SANYU CONSULTANTS INC. AFA JR 02-65 Exchange Rate as of September 2001 US Dollar = 77.40 KShillings US Dollar = 118.80 JYen KShillings = 1.53 JYen PREFACE In response to the request from the Government of the Republic of Kenya, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a Master Plan Study on the Integrated Rural Development Project in the Baringo Semi Arid Land Area (Marigat and Mukutani Divisions) and entrusted the Study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA sent to Kenya a study team headed by Mr. Seiji Takeuchi, Sanyu Consultants Inc., six times between August 1999 and December 2001. The Team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Kenya, and conducted field surveys at the Study Area. After the Team returned to Japan, further studies were made and the present report was prepared. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relation between our two countries. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Kenya for their close cooperation extended to the Team. March 2002 Takao Kawakami President Japan International Cooperation Agency March 2002 Mr. Takao Kawakami President, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Tokyo, Japan Dear Mr. Kawakami, Letter of Transmittal We are pleased to submit to you the Master Plan report on the Integrated Rural Development Project in the Baringo Semi Arid Land Area (Marigat and Mukutani Divisions) in the Republic of Kenya. The Report presents the Master Plan formulated with the advices and suggestions of the authorities concerned of the Government of Japan and your Agency. Also included were comments made by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Inter- Ministerial Steering Committee of the Republic of Kenya during the technical discussions on the draft final report which were held at Nairobi in December 2001. This Master Plan serves as a rural development plan for the Study Area at the broad level of economic and social planning, and a plan which could be replicated in other semi-arid land areas. The Plan has coordinated plans at a sectoral level, thereby becoming an integrated rural development plan. The Plan was fit into higher-level plans for district and national development, and at the same time feed-backs from the Study were also made to the higher-level plans on the course of the Study. The study has been carried out in a phasing manner; namely, Phase-I, Phase-II and Phase-III. The Phase-I study formulated a tentative Master Plan for the study, from which seven verification projects came up through the discussions with the Kenyan government staff, NGOs, local community peoples, etc. The Phase-II and Phase-III studies then have assumed the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the verification projects, which have finally been disseminated to ten areas through inter-location monitoring tours. The outcome and lessons from the verification projects have been thoroughly incorporated in preparing the final Master Plan. The overall objective of the Study is to raise the living standard of the local communities in the Marigat and Mukutani Divisions by encouraging local activities through the formulation of the Master Plan. The plan was prepared in partnership with the local communities, the national and local governments, as well as with other stakeholders. The process of participatory planning itself is therefore so vital to the Study that actually carrying out the process itself is as important an objective as the final Master Plan. We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to your Agency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of the Government of Japan. We also with to express our deep gratitude to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee of the Republic of Kenya for the close cooperation and assistances extended to us during our investigation and study. Very truly yours, Seiji Takeuchi Team Leader of the Study Team March 2002 Mr. E. C. Chesiyna Director, Land Reclamation (ASAL) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MOARD) Dear Mr. Chesiyna, Acknowledgement The JICA Study Team would like to acknowledge with gratitude all those people and organizations that assisted us in pursuing the Study on the Integrated Rural Development Project in the Baringo Semi Arid Land Area (Marigat and Mukutani Divisions) in the Republic of Kenya. The GOK division and district staff gave their continuous assistances during all the stages of the field works for which the Study Team is deeply grateful. Members of the Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee and District Working Committee availed useful comments, which enriched the Study and guided the Study Team to remain focused on the study objectives. The JICA Study Team would also like to thank the community people in Marigat and Mukutani Divisions not only for playing the host to the JICA Study Team, but also for providing their time to answer questions, participate in workshops and verification projects. Lastly, the JICA Study Team would like to express its sincerest gratitude to the Kenyan and Japanese governments for giving the Study Team an opportunity for sharing in the development of Baringo as well as other semi-arid areas of Kenya. Very truly yours, Seiji Takeuchi Team Leader of the Study Team 36゜ ETHIOPIA SUDAN LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA SOMALIA UGANDA KENYA THE STUDY AREA LAKE VICTORIA Equator Nairobi INDIAN Marigat Town TANZANIA OCEAN Lake Baringo (District Capital) Kabarnet Mukutani Division Marigat Division THE STUDY AREA (1,224km2) 0゜ 0゜ 1゜ 1゜ 001010 20 30 40 5050k km 37゜ The Study Area：View of Lake Baringo from the Eastern Escarpment of the Rift Valley Lake Baringo：Source of tourism, fishery and domestic water, but containing high fluoride Rainfed maize crop：People have been gradually shifting from full pastoral to settled life Irrigated agriculture practiced only in 1.5% of the Study Area Livestock: Cattle are cultural value and mean of savings as well as source of milk Auction: Not only traders but also local people join the bidding A cow affected by the drought: About 70% of cattle in Mukutani were lost in 2000 After the drought: Lands are filled with flowers in bloom in a very short period after rain Workshop: Series of workshops were held for the implementation of the verification projects Inter-location Monitoring: Exchanging views on rainfed agriculture SUMMARY Introduction t 1,700 m above sea level on a hilltop, Kabarnet, the capital of the Baringo District, is A cool and green. Beyond the steep escarpment and 700 m below, lie the two divisions of Marigat and Mukutani in the vast expanse of the Rift Valley. The two divisions make up our project area. Much hotter and less green than Kabarnet, it is a small area of 1,244 km2 inhabited by 54,000 people under the harsh conditions of semi-arid land. Once it was the land of a proud pastoral people who could roam around their country at will, but times have changed. he pressure of population growth, modernisation and commercialisation, ethnic conflicts, T and the resulting degradation of the environment, are factors which are forcing local inhabitants to change their way of life. Under such circumstances, what do local people want? What can they do by themselves to realise their dreams? What can the government and foreign donors do for them? This Master Plan Study attempts to answer some of those questions. he overall objective of the Study is to raise the standard of living of the local communities T in the Marigat and Mukutani Divisions by encouraging local activities through the formulation of a Master Plan. The Plan should be prepared in close partnership with the local communities and the national and local governments, as well as with other stakeholders. The process of participatory planning itself is so vital to the Study that actually carrying out the process itself is as important an objective as the final Master Plan. A special attention is given to ‘capacity building of the local communities in meeting their basic needs through self-help’, ‘strengthening of the local government and NGOs in assisting the local communities’ and ‘technology transfer and exchange between the Study Team and its counterparts’. his Master Plan serves as a rural development plan for the Study Area at the broad level of T economic and social planning, and as a plan which could be replicated in other semi-arid land areas. The Plan is prepared by integrating sectoral plans to fit into higher-level plans for district and national development. The Plan is characterised by the fact that local communities actively participate in its preparation. In addition, before the Master Plan is finalised, several of the most important hypotheses of the draft plan were verified by the actual implementation of certain pilot projects called Verification Studies. his Study was initiated by a request in October 1997 from the Government of Kenya that T the Government of Japan send a study mission to formulate the Plan. The Government of Japan sent a JICA Preliminary Study mission of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in September 1998 and a Scope of Work (S/W) mission in February 1999. The Minutes of Meeting on the Scope of Work was signed in March 1999 between the two governments, and Sanyu Consultants Inc.