8 88 8 8nd 8 8888on.com 8888 Basic Photography in 180 Days Book XVII License and the Law Editor: Ramon F. aeroramon.com Contents 1 Day 1 1 1.1 Photography and the law ....................................... 1 1.1.1 United Kingdom ....................................... 2 1.1.2 United States ......................................... 6 1.1.3 Hong Kong .......................................... 8 1.1.4 Hungary ............................................ 8 1.1.5 Macau ............................................. 8 1.1.6 South Africa ......................................... 8 1.1.7 Sudan and South Sudan .................................... 9 1.1.8 India .............................................. 10 1.1.9 Iceland ............................................ 10 1.1.10 Spain ............................................. 10 1.1.11 Mexico ............................................ 10 1.1.12 See also ............................................ 10 1.1.13 Notes ............................................. 10 1.1.14 References .......................................... 10 1.1.15 External links ......................................... 12 2 Day 2 13 2.1 Observation .............................................. 13 2.1.1 Observation in science .................................... 14 2.1.2 Observational paradoxes ................................... 14 2.1.3 Biases ............................................. 15 2.1.4 Observations in philosophy .................................. 16 2.1.5 See also ............................................ 16 2.1.6 References .......................................... 16 2.2 Reality ................................................. 17 2.2.1 Related concepts ....................................... 17 2.2.2 Western philosophy ..................................... 18 2.2.3 Jain philosophy ........................................ 21 2.2.4 Physical sciences ....................................... 22 2.2.5 Technology .......................................... 24 2.2.6 See also ............................................ 25 i ii CONTENTS 2.2.7 References .......................................... 25 2.2.8 Bibliography ......................................... 26 2.2.9 External links ......................................... 26 2.3 Illusion ................................................. 26 2.3.1 Optical ............................................ 26 2.3.2 Auditory ........................................... 27 2.3.3 Tactile ............................................. 28 2.3.4 Temporal ........................................... 28 2.3.5 Other senses .......................................... 28 2.3.6 Disorders ........................................... 29 2.3.7 Neuroscience ......................................... 29 2.3.8 See also ............................................ 29 2.3.9 References .......................................... 29 2.3.10 External links ......................................... 30 2.4 Optical illusion ............................................ 30 2.4.1 Pathological visual illusions ................................. 31 2.4.2 Cognitive illusions ...................................... 32 2.4.3 Explanation of cognitive illusions .............................. 33 2.4.4 Illusions ........................................... 37 2.4.5 In art ............................................. 38 2.4.6 Cognitive processes hypothesis ................................ 38 2.4.7 Gallery ............................................ 38 2.4.8 See also ............................................ 40 2.4.9 Notes ............................................. 41 2.4.10 Further reading ........................................ 42 2.4.11 References .......................................... 42 2.4.12 External links ......................................... 43 3 Day 3 44 3.1 Moral rights .............................................. 44 3.1.1 Berne Convention ....................................... 44 3.1.2 Worldwide situation ...................................... 44 3.1.3 See also ............................................ 47 3.1.4 References .......................................... 47 3.1.5 Further reading ........................................ 48 4 Day 4 49 4.1 Personality rights ........................................... 49 4.1.1 Classification ......................................... 49 4.1.2 Civil law and common law jurisdictions ........................... 49 4.1.3 Country specific jurisdictions ................................. 50 4.1.4 See also ............................................ 57 CONTENTS iii 4.1.5 Notes ............................................. 57 4.1.6 References .......................................... 57 4.1.7 Works cited .......................................... 59 4.1.8 Further reading ........................................ 59 4.1.9 External links ......................................... 60 5 Day 5 61 5.1 Copyright ............................................... 61 5.1.1 History ............................................ 61 5.1.2 Obtaining protection ..................................... 63 5.1.3 Enforcement ......................................... 64 5.1.4 Rights granted ......................................... 65 5.1.5 Limitations and exceptions .................................. 66 5.1.6 Transfer, assignment and licensing .............................. 68 5.1.7 Criticism ........................................... 69 5.1.8 Public domain ......................................... 70 5.1.9 See also ............................................ 70 5.1.10 References .......................................... 71 5.1.11 Further reading ........................................ 73 5.1.12 External links ......................................... 73 5.2 List of countries’ copyright lengths .................................. 80 5.2.1 Legend ............................................ 81 5.2.2 Table ............................................. 81 5.2.3 See also ............................................ 81 5.2.4 Notes ............................................. 81 5.2.5 References .......................................... 82 5.2.6 External links ......................................... 89 6 Day 6 90 6.1 Public copyright license ........................................ 90 6.1.1 Types of copyright license .................................. 90 6.1.2 Varieties of public copyright license ............................. 91 6.1.3 See also ............................................ 91 6.1.4 References .......................................... 91 6.2 Public domain ............................................. 92 6.2.1 History ............................................ 92 6.2.2 Definition ........................................... 92 6.2.3 Public domain by medium .................................. 93 6.2.4 Value ............................................. 96 6.2.5 Relationship with derivative works .............................. 96 6.2.6 Perpetual copyright ...................................... 96 6.2.7 Public domain mark ..................................... 96 iv CONTENTS 6.2.8 Application to copyrightable works .............................. 97 6.2.9 Patents ............................................ 98 6.2.10 Trademarks .......................................... 98 6.2.11 Public Domain Day ..................................... 98 6.2.12 See also ............................................ 99 6.2.13 References .......................................... 99 6.2.14 External links ......................................... 102 7 Day 7 106 7.1 Digital watermarking ......................................... 106 7.1.1 History ............................................ 107 7.1.2 Applications ......................................... 108 7.1.3 Digital watermarking life-cycle phases ............................ 108 7.1.4 Classification ......................................... 108 7.1.5 Evaluation and benchmarking ................................ 110 7.1.6 Cameras ........................................... 110 7.1.7 Reversible data hiding .................................... 110 7.1.8 Watermarking for relational databases ............................ 110 7.1.9 See also ............................................ 110 7.1.10 References .......................................... 111 7.1.11 Further reading ........................................ 111 7.1.12 External links ......................................... 111 7.2 Copy protection ............................................ 112 7.2.1 Terminology ......................................... 112 7.2.2 Business rationale ...................................... 112 7.2.3 Technical challenges ..................................... 113 7.2.4 Methods ........................................... 113 7.2.5 Notable payloads ....................................... 119 7.2.6 Anti-piracy .......................................... 122 7.2.7 Anti-piracy in file sharing .................................. 122 7.2.8 Examples ........................................... 122 7.2.9 See also ............................................ 123 7.2.10 References .......................................... 124 7.2.11 External links ......................................... 125 8 Day 8 126 8.1 License ................................................ 126 8.1.1 Mass licensing of software .................................. 126 8.1.2 Patent license ......................................... 127 8.1.3 Trademark and brand licensing ...............................