John C. Greenway and the Bull Moose Movement in Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hunter, George Stanford, 1939- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 05:16:09 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551855 JOES 0. GHBEWAT AED THE BULL MOOSE MOVBMIII IE AMZOEA By George Hunter A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the B1PAETMBIT OF BISTORT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UHIVSRSITT OF ARIZOHA 1966 SI1T3MMT IT 1UTI0H This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable with­ out special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other Instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGHED:. APPROVAL IT THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: -2- s ./9^ 5T Harwood P. Hinton date Assistant Professor of History PREFACE The Progressive movement in Arizona was but part of a larger political phenomenon which existed precariously in the United States between 1910 and 1916. Revolt against the conservative leadership of the two older parties— Democratic and Republican-brought a third party into existance. Led nationally by Theodore Roosevelt, the new party lacked machinery and depended heavily upon its state organizations for support. A newcomer to Arizona, John Campbell Greenway, played a quiet but important part in sustaining the movement in that state. No professional politician, he was attracted to the movement by his admiration for its leader, under whom he had served in the Spanish-American War. Even when the Progressive blossom was brightest in 1912, the Arizona off­ shoot was not healthy. Its root soon proved shallow, and its strength was drawn away by the stronger organization of the Republican party and the competing progressivism of the Democratic party. Barely able to retain its identity in the state election of 1914, the Progressive party of Arizona had few supporters remaining in its ranks by 1916. As the party died on the national level that year, so did it perish in Arizona. Throughout, however, the movement iii iv in Arizona was nourished by Greenway's friendship with Roosevelt which, while hitherto unacknowledged, was the distinguishing feature of his own political thinking and personal life. The author is indebted to Prof. J. A. Carroll, in whose seminar at the University of Arizona this study was undertaken, for his assistance in the preparation of the final manuscript, and to Prof. Herman E. Bateman for suggestions toward the improvement of the first draft. The author is grateful to Mrs. Edith S. Kltt, secretary emeritus of the Arizona Pioneers* Historical Society, for allowing access to the Greenway Collection under her care at that institution, and to Totsy Belle Beatson and Nell B. Hand for their valuable advice and criticism. ABSTRACT The Progressive movement in Arizona was tied to the national leadership of Theodore Roosevelt. At its inception, the state organization led by John 0. Greenway and Dwight B. Heard showed promise. Roosevelt’s successor to the White House, William Howard Taft, had by his action on the Arizona Enabling Act split the Republican party in the ’’baby" state, thus promoting the early successes of the Bull Moose Move­ ment in Arizona. At the same time Taft had unwittingly provided Arizona Democrats with an issue on which to further establish their progresslvlsm. This proved to be the undoing of the new party. Unable to win increased Democratic support and to maintain a strong organization against the encroach­ ments of the Republican party, the Arizona Progressive Move­ ment was all but dead by 1916. In that year Roosevelt, Greenway, and Heard decided to abandon the movement in the face of the European upheaval. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE................................... ill I BIRTH OF A FRIENDSHIP..................... 1 II BIRTH OF A PARTY.......................... 12 III THE SPIRIT OF BUNKER HILL.................. 38 IV NO COMPROMISE, NO AMALGAMATION............... 6? V DEATH OF A PARTY.......................... 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................. 125 vi CHAPTER I BIRTH OP 1 PRIEHDSHIP On Sunday morning, July 10, 1910, John Campbell Greenway, thirty-eight years old, arrived in Bisbee as the new superintendent of the Calumet and Arizona mine,* His coming had been preceded by rumors in financial and mining circles, which had been given currency by the local press late in January.* 2 One local resident reflected this unrest in a letter to a friends “Things in Bisbee are almost dog­ gone quiet . everybody is wondering what is going to happen next. There is evidently a great shake-up in the Calumet and Arizona circles.Six months later such rumors ^Bisbee Dally Review. July 12, 1910, p. 1. 2Ibid.. January 30, 1910, p. 6. The occasion for the rumors was a sudden drop in the Calumet and Arizona stock. The Review pointed out that Thomas P. Cole, a director, and I. W. Powell, the superintendent, were to retire following a quarrel between themselves and the vice-presidents, James and Thomas Hbatson. A second rumor credited underground mining conditions as the reason for the impending change. , ^Will E. Tester to Charles V. Hicks, January 28, 1910. Papers of Charles W. Hicks, Arizona Historical Pioneers’ Society, Tucson, Arizona. Tester was apparently quite alarmed as his informer, one Arnold, claimed that they were all “scared stiff over their jobs.” To the writer the inference seems warranted that Greenway’s arrival was no accident. Thomas Ho at son denied any imminent changes in the management of the Calumet and Arizona. Por Hbatson* s denial see the Bisbee Dally Review. February 13, 1910, p. 8. 1 2 were confirmed when Colonel 1. W. Powell resigned and announced Greenway' s appointmentThe choice of Greenway no doubt was made because of the outstanding ability he had shown in the development of the mining property of the Calumet and Arizona on Minnesota's Iron Ridge and in the construction of the nearby towns of Coleraine, Marvel, and c Taconite. This appointment meant that he, like Powell, would be expected to exercise the political and economic prerogative of copper, to which he was no stranger, having served his apprenticeship as a monitor in Coleraine. He would now serve as prince, for in Arizona copper was king and suffered no equal.^ Position had come naturally to Greenway not by travel across the difficult terrain of experience, a course pursued by most men, but along the gentler slopes eased by a prepara­ tory education at St. Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachu­ setts, which his father, John Ohrlstain Greenway, a prominent ^Bisbee Daily Review. July 1, 1910, p. 1. 5James H. McOlintock, Arizona: Prehistoric. Aboriginal. Pioneer. M o d e m . 3 vols. (Chicago, I916), v. 3, pp. 48-50. 65. E. Williams, "Arizona's Territorial Governors: Governor Sloan," unpublished manuscript at Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, p. 162. Powell had taken part in the Republican Territorial Convention and was selected as a delegate to the Republican Rational Convention in 1908. For the statement about copper, see 0. P. Tolaan, "Copper in Arizona in 1901," Mining and Scientific Press. January 1. 1910, p. 72. 3 physician of Huntsville, Alabama, had been able to provide. At Andover, Greenway continued the military tradition begun by the famed Colonel William Campbell on King's Mountain in 1780 and passed on to him by his father, who had been a second lieutenant in the Confederate Army. Greenway's further education at the University of Virginia enhanced this heritage, as did the family removal to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where the young man moved readily into polite southern society and into increased contact with the new masters of the North and South.? A new spirit and a new energy was transforming the South, and it was natural that its post-war generation would turn to scientific arid technical persuits to restore its land and to open up new avenues to wealth and prestige.® Greenway reflected this change by enrolling in Sheffield Scientific School of Tale University. At Yale the young man soon came to occupy a conspiclous place. Harvard and 7James T. White to Mrs. Isabella Greenway, January 1, 1926. "Revision of Biographical Copy of General John Campbell Greenway as submitted to the National Cyclopedia of American Biography," Papers of John Campbell Greenway, Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society. See also The National Cyclopedia of American Biography (New York, 1922], p . 140. All Greenway correspondence cited in this thesis, unless otherwise indicated, is from the Greenway Collection. ®Paul H. Buck. The Road to Reunion 1865-1900 (New York, 1959), P. 1B3: 4 Princeton were perhaps the first to know of his great prowess on the gridiron and diamond. Greenway's position as right end on the famous "Dutch" Garter football team while also catcher at Yale, won him high acclaim. He was elected president of his class and voted the most popular man on campus.