0 The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, Book of Abstracts, 2018 NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE ARN (2017 – 2019) 1. Patron- - - - - Senator, Maj Gen (Retd) Ike OS Nwachukwu (CFR, Mni, FSS, DSS) 2. President- - - - - Ola Elizabeth Balogun, Mrs (M.Sc, FARN) 3. Vice President I - - - Sani T. Kabir (DIR) 4. Vice President II - - - Tom Adejoh (Ph.D) 5. National Secretary- - - Musa Y. Dambele (M.Sc) 6. Assistant Nat Sec I - - Samaila A. Baba (M.Sc) 7. Assistant Nat Sec II - - Ibrahim Adegboye (DIR) 8. National Treasurer- - - Mabel C. Ugwuja, Mrs (M.Sc) 9. Financial Secretary- - - Samuel Shem Laushugno (M.Sc) 10. Public Relations Officer- - Joshua J. Sule (B.Sc) 11. Immediate Past President- - Mark C. Okeji (Ph.D, FARN) 12. Immediate Past Treasurer- - Imoh S. Udoh (M.Sc) 13. Registrar, RRBN - - - Mark C. Okeji (Ph.D, FARN) 1 The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, Book of Abstracts, 2018 FOREWORD The present Council of ARN (2017 – 2019) led by Mrs Ola Elizabeth Balogun (M.Sc, FARN), was inaugurated in January 2017. Subsequently and swiftly, she constituted the education committee (EDUCOM), with the following members: 1. Adejoh, Tom (Ph.D) - NAUTH, Nnewi; Clinical Radiographer 2. Joseph, Z. Dlama (Ph.D) – BUK, Kano; Academic 3. Okeji, C. Mark (Ph.D) – UNN, Enugu Campus/RRBN Abuja; Academic 4. Nkubli, B. Flavious (M.Sc) – UNIMAID, Maiduguri; Academic 5. Luntsi, Geofery (M.Sc) - UNIMAID, Maiduguri; Academic 6. Balogun-Adebiyi I. Rohimat (B.Sc) – NOHI, Lagos; Clinical Radiographer The EDUCOM, unlike those before it, was given tough and multiple terms of reference: determination of conference themes, coordination of conference papers, communique drafting, coordination of World Radiography Day (WRD) celebrations on 8th November and, to ensure the continuity of Journal of Radiography & Radiation Sciences (JRRS). The EDUCOM has striven to deliver on her mandate. A major step taken as regard conference papers was the digitization of previous hardcopy papers and subsequent online archiving at www.jarnigeria.com. In addition, effective from the 2017 conference in Abakaliki, Nigeria, books of abstracts (BOA) have appeared in both hardcopy and electronic formats. This being the second attempt at e-BOA, we expect some inadvertent lapses, which are regrettable, and for which we take responsibility. The abstracts are categorized into homogenous sections for ease of search. We must admit that not all papers had the flavor of thoroughness. Our desire to encourage a research-lethargic profession gave us some modicum of tolerance. In the years ahead, standards shall increase. Nonetheless, we commend all researchers who boldly rose to the occasion to display their works in an intellectually - intimidating conference as this is. We urge young researchers to build on their experience from the scientific sessions and go on to be the hero their generation awaits. We commend the ARN Secretariat for collaborating with EDUCOM to fulfil her mandate. We thank Radiographers in Nigeria for giving our committee (EDUCOM) the privilege to contribute to our collective progress. Rad Tom Adejoh Chairman, EDUCOM 10th December, 2018 Lokoja, Nigeria +234(0)8135820550 2 The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, Book of Abstracts, 2018 Assessment of X-Ray Beam Alignment in Radiographic X-Ray Equipment of Radiology Facilities in Kano *Richard I. Emmanuel, Aminu M. Sani Department of Medical Radiography, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: [email protected];+3248032371711 Background: The light beam diaphragm (LBD) of x-ray machines enable a radiographer to correctly control the area to be exposed when examining a patient. This makes it possible to reduce radiation scatter. Subsequently, image resolution is improved while dose is decreased. Failure to achieve light and x-ray beam alignment will distort a radiographic image. Objective: To determine the accuracy of light and x-ray beam alignment of some x-ray machines in some centers in Kano metropolis. Materials and Method: A loaded 35 x 35 cm cassette was placed on the x-ray couch at a focus-film- distance (FFD) of 90 cm. Then a 20 x 20 cm field was collimated on the cassette. Metal markers at each field edge plus one at anode end, and one at top of field was placed. An exposure of 5 mAs at 70 kVp was made and the film developed. The distances between the light (where the coins touch) and x- ray fields for all coin locations were measured with ruler and recorded. The difference for each set of coins along (AL1, AL2) and across (AC1, AC2) the film was added and each set of difference was divided by the SID. Results: From the total of 20 x-ray equipment, 18 equipment representing 90% of the studied population had a percentage differences greater than 2% for both across and along. Two equipment representing 10% of studied population had equal or below 2% difference across and along. The highest degrees of misalignment were 5.56% and 5.00% across and along respectively. On the other hand, these two equipment had the least degrees of misalignment of 0.56% and 1.56% across and along respectively. Conclusion: A high degree of misalignment in light and x-ray field was noted in x-ray machines studied. Regular quality control checks may help to minimize this anomaly. Keywords: Dose, light beam, scatter, diaphragm, alignment 3 The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, Book of Abstracts, 2018 Pulmonary Tuberculosis Chest X-Ray Findings in HIV Sero-Positive Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Kano, Northwest, Nigeria *Mohammed S. Umar, Sunday V. Daniel, Mohammed S. Abba, Geofery Luntsi1, Dlama Z. Joseph, Auwal Abubakar1, Charbel Saade2, Mustapha Barde Radiology Department, Muhammadu Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria 1Department of Medical Radiography, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria 2Department of Medical Imaging Services, American University of Beirut, Lebanon *Corresponding author: [email protected], +2347034833888, Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a common infections following HIV infection, and its progression after reactivation is fast. Inspite of substantial investment in health services, PTB remains a global emergency. Aim: to determine the spectrum of chest x-ray findings in chest radiographs in patients diagnosed with HIV-related PTB. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. A retrospective evaluation of radiology reports to establish clinical and radiographic features of PTB in 244 confirmed HIV-seropositive patients aged 9 months to 80 years. Descriptive statistics were employed in analyzing percentages and frequencies. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between clinical findings, radiographic findings, age group and gender. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Cases involved 104 (42.62%) males and 140 (57.38%) females with mean age of 31.62 ± 16.93 years. Findings include: normal chest x-rays (n = 177, 60.0%), cough (n = 193, 56.6%), chest pain (n = 39, 11.44 %), weight loss (10.26%), hemoptysis (n = 21, 6.16%), and greenish sputum (n = 12, 3.52%). Primary and post-primary patterns of PTB such as reticulonodular opacities, hilar lymphadenopathy, blunting of costophrenic angles,miliary opacities among others accounted for 40.0 % of findings. The age range of 26 – 38 years were most responsible for pathological findings (n = 109, 36.9%). Conclusion: Normal chest x-rays constitutes the major findings, primary and post-primary patterns of PTB account for the least findings and the age group 26-38 years in both gender showed predominance in radiographic findings. Keywords: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, HIV, radiography, chest. 4 The Association of Radiographers of Nigeria, Book of Abstracts, 2018 Radiographic Assessment of Normal Cardio-thoracic Ratio Among Apparently Healthy Individuals Referred for Chest X-Ray Examinations in Maiduguri *Alhaji M. Ali, Amina S. Gangrang, Ahmed Aubakar, Umar Abubakar1 Department of Radiology, Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State 1Department of Radiography, Usmanu Dan Fodio University, Sokoto, Sokoto state Nigeria. *Corresponding author: [email protected]; +2347033977869 Background: Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a simple and reliable diagnostic tool for estimating cardiac size on plain radiographs. It is a useful index for assessing the cardiac size and any value above 50% in an adult is considered as upper limit of normal. Objectives: To radiographically assess the normal mean value of the cardiothoracic ratio of the study population which will serve as a baseline for early detection of cardiac enlargement in adult for improved management. Materials and methods: A prospective study design where postero-anterior radiographs were used for the estimation of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) of 172 apparently healthy subjects. The study was conducted between the period of March 2017 and February 2018. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) was obtained by dividing the maximum transverse cardiac diameter (MTCD) by maximum internal thoracic width (MITW), and the result was multiplied by 100%. Result: The mean CTR is slightly higher in female (45.71%) than in male (45.10%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.362). The mean CTR of the general population was 45.6%. The mean CTR increased with age until the fourth decade when it reduced and this sharp change was statistically significant (p = 0.048). Conclusion: This study has established a mean CTR value of 45.6% for the study population.