Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-55473-2 - The Invention of the Western Film: A Cultural History of the Genre’s First Half-Century Scott Simmon Index More information Index Films are identified by release year, writings by author. Page numbers in bold italics in- dicate illustrations. Endnotes have been indexed only where they provide substantive information. Abbey, Edward, 66 American Film Manufacturing Co., 34, Abilene Town (1946), 263 86 Aborigine’s Devotion, The (1909), 4, 19, 27 American Film Musical, The (Altman), 110 Ace in the Hole (1951), 167 American Jeremiad, The (Bercovitch), Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, 83, 293 125–6 acting styles American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., in B-Westerns, 171, 174–7 8; see also Biograph Co. of Henry Fonda, 226–9, 281–2 Americana (DeLillo), 330n1 of John Wayne, 171–4, 177, 230 Anasazi civilization, 10, 28, 53, 85 of Native Americans, 13, 64–5 Anderson, Gilbert M. “Broncho Billy,” 5, Adams, Henry, 183 34, 35, 45, 152 Adams, Herbert B., 158 Andrews, Dana, 138 Addison, Joseph, 336n15 Andriot, Lucien, 106 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Twain), Angel and the Badman (1947), 230, 267–8 23 Anishinabes, 88, 92 African Americans Annie Oakley (1894), 7 film cycles about, 160, 238, 272 Annie Oakley (1935), 100 images of, 72, 136, 302n23 Apaches, xi, 146, 236 agrarian ideals, 132–4, 154–6, 250; see as film characters, 28, 44, 45, 143, also Jefferson, and agrarian ideals; 157, 281–3 pastoralism; Populism and Populists Apartment for Peggy (1948), 247 agriculture, see farms and farming Arapahos, 72 Alamo, the, 120, 248 Argonauts of California (1916), 108 Alamo, The (1960), 120 Aristotle, 290 Aldrich, Robert, 72 Arizona, 41, 166 Alexie, Sherman, 59 as filmmaking location, 34, 80, 106 Along Came Jones (1945), 230 as setting, 45, 74, 177, 190, 256 Along the Great Divide (1951), 106, 205 see also Monument Valley; My Darling Altman, Rick, 110 Clementine; Tombstone Altman, Robert, 61 Arizona (1940), 182 Alton, John, 272 Arizona Bill (French film series, 1911– American Adam, The (Lewis), 188 13), 35 375 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-55473-2 - The Invention of the Western Film: A Cultural History of the Genre’s First Half-Century Scott Simmon Index More information 376 Index Arizonian, The (1935), 222, 332n6 Best Years of Our Lives, The (1946), 228, Arminianism, 129 230, 272 Army, U.S., see Cavalry, U.S. Betty Zane (Grey), 313n10 Arrival of Train, Cheyenne (1903), 3 Betrayed by a Handprint (1908), 40 As Seen through a Telescope (1900), 68 Beverley, Robert, 21 Astaire, Fred, 112 Bibles, 85, 116, 124, 128, 230, 249 Auer, Mischa, 90 Bickford, Charles, 123 August, Joseph, 154 Bierstadt, Albert, 17, 41, 48 Austin, Mary, 304n4 Big Carnival, The (1951), 167 automobiles, 150–3, 162, 163, 167 Big Heat, The (1953), 272 Autry, Gene, 155, 175, 176, 188, 324n20 Big Trail, The (1930), 105–49 A-Westerns, see B-Westerns, compared democracy and, 131–7 with A-Westerns Hispanics in, 146, 236 history in, 108–9, 158 Bacon, Lloyd, 225 illustrated, 98, 107, 111, 115, 117, Bad Day at Black Rock (1955), 120, 261, 119, 131, 143, 145 279 Indians in, 142–5, 157 Ballad of Cable Hogue, The (1970), 318n8 John Wayne in, 99, 103, 105–49, 158, Balshofer, Fred, 35, 56, 57, 299n2 229 Bancroft, George, 190 Manifest Destiny and, 138–42 Bandit’s Waterloo, The (1908), 40 nature in, 115–24 bank robbery, 137, 150, 166, 167, 268, production, 100, 101, 105–7 270, 275 Raoul Walsh and, 106–7 banks and bankers religion and, 125–7, 129–30 in Populist rhetoric, 158, 167 social Darwinism and, 116–19, 121–2 in Westerns, 151, 175, 216, 268 South and, 146–8, 160 Banks, Dennis, 92 women in, 109–13, 122–3 Bargain, The (1914), 58, 80 Billy the Kid, 242, 270 Barnitz, Albert, 70 Billy the Kid (1930), 100, 105, 121, 213 Barnum, P. T., 61 Biograph Co., 4, 19, 20, 30, 34, 36, 37, Barton, James, 269 41 Bataan (1943), 330n5 D. W. Griffith’s actors in, 15, 82 Battle at Elderbush Gulch, The (1913), 5, Birth of a Nation, The (1915), 150 37, 37–9, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 74 Bison Life Motion Picture Co., 24, 30, Battleship Potemkin (1925), 249 34, 45, 56, 57, 79 Baxter, Anne, 268, 269 Bitzer, G. W. “Billy,” 7, 13, 17, 40, 41, 42, Baxter, John, 226, 264 55 Bazin, André, 197 Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, Bean, Judge Roy, 250 14, 69, 70 Beckett, Samuel, 196 Blazing the Trail (1912), 62, 108 Bedford, Barbara, 90, 91 Blood on the Moon (1948), 207 Beecher, Lyman, 124 Bluff from a Tenderfoot, A (1899), 7 Benjamin, Walter, 181 Bogart, Humphrey, 270 Bennett, Joan, 147, 336n21 Bogdanovich, Peter, 173 Benton, Robert, 288 Bold, Christine, 46 Bercovitch, Sacvan, 125–6 Boleslawski, Richard, 123 Berenger, Tom, 189 Bond, Ward, 247, 257, 333n15 Berger, John, 41 Bonnie and Clyde (1967), 288 Berger, Thomas, 273 Boone, Daniel, 15, 46, 120, 122, 135, Bergman, Ingrid, 243 144 Bergson, Henri, 118 Borde, Raymond, 202 Berry, Don “Red,” 162 Borgnine, Ernest, 120 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-55473-2 - The Invention of the Western Film: A Cultural History of the Genre’s First Half-Century Scott Simmon Index More information Index 377 Borzage, Frank, 187, 262 Cagney, James, 121, 250 Bosworth, Hobart, 90 Cain, James M., 205 Boym, Svetlana, 182 Calhoun, Rory, 274 Bradford, William, 139 California Braudy, Leo, 291 as filmmaking location Braveheart (1925), 82–3 for silent films, 33–5, 37, 49, 56–7, Brendel, El, 106, 111 90 Brennan, Walter, 123, 237, 250, 259 for sound films, 92, 102, 106, 123, Brigham Young – Frontiersman (1940), 153, 206 127–8 gold rush, 118, 254 Broken Arrow (1950), 271, 275, 337n2 Native Americans in, xii, 63, 71, 78 Broken Doll, The (1910), 17, 24, 27 overland trail to, 107, 128, 134, 148, Broken Lance (1954), 239 187, 254 Brooks, Louise, 113 as Spanish colonial setting, 36, 168 Brooks, Richard, 121 see also Los Angeles Brown, Charles Brockden, 15 California (1946), 118, 130, 273 Brown, Clarence, 90 Call of the Wild, The (1908), 9, 306n5 Brown, Johnny Mack, 332n6 Calling Wild Bill Elliott (1943), 195 Bryan, William Jennings, 326n16 Campbell, Thomas, 26 Bryant, William Cullen, 96 Canutt, Yakima, 157 Buck’s Romance (1912), 81, 86 Canyon de Chelly, Arizona, 83 Buetel, Jack, 242 Canyon Passage (1946), 238 Buffalo Bill (1944), 61, 117, 237, Capra, Frank, 199, 248, 254 343n4 Captain Brand’s Wife (1911), 45 Buffalo Bill and the Indians (1976), 61, captivity narratives, 16 291 Carey, Harry, 90, 125, 138, 150–1, 151, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and Pawnee Bill’s 214, 268 Far East (1910), 61–2 Carlisle (Pennsylvania) Indian Industrial Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, 6, 61–3 School, 64, 82 Buffalo Dance (1894), 296n2 Carmichael, Hoagy, 338n5 Buntline, Ned (Carroll Judson), 176 Carradine, John, 147, 189, 236, 285, Burnett, W. R., 213 333n15 Burns, Walter Noble, 212 Carrying Out the Snakes (1901), 7 Busch, Niven, 230 Carson, Kit, xi, 86, 144; see also Kit Carson Bush, George W., 258 Cat People (1942), 155, 276 Bush, W. Stephen, 33 Cather, Willa, 28, 39 businessmen, as film characters, 137, Catholicism, xii, 29, 126, 202, 240 214, 236, 275–6; see also banks and Catlin, George, 42 bankers Cattle Fording Stream (1898), 7 B-Westerns, 99–104, 112, 150–77, 188–9, Cavalry, U.S. 191, 230, 262, 272 film characters from, 28, 45, 92, 157, acting in, 171, 174–7 207, 272, 288 compared with A-Westerns, 99–100, group images of, 38, 49, 50, 68–9, 103–4, 149, 152–3, 157, 169–70, 71–2, 86, 121, 137, 281–3, 284–6 213–14, 264 see also Invaders, The; Wounded Knee Indians and, 156–8 massacre politics of, 158–68, 195 Chambers, Whittaker, 209, 218 production, 19, 100, 166 Chandler, Raymond, 202, 204 time and history in, 101–3, 151–6, Chang (1927), 88 180–5 Channing, William Ellery, 124 see also automobiles; nostalgia Chaumenton, Étienne, 202 Byron, (George Gordon) Lord, 122 Cheat, The (1915), 65 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-55473-2 - The Invention of the Western Film: A Cultural History of the Genre’s First Half-Century Scott Simmon Index More information 378 Index Cheyenne Autumn (1964), 56, 283–6, 285, Cooper, Gary, 170, 230, 231, 250, 251 286–7, 345n5 in High Noon, 207, 261 Cheyennes, 63, 64, 69, 70 in The Virginian, 112, 229, 252 as film characters, 44, 59, 65, 73, 81, Cooper, James Fenimore, 46, 94, 284 142, 144, 189 films based on works, 28, 51, 89–93 Chief’s Daughter, The (1911), 40 landscape in, 15–17, 42, 52, 60, 73, Chingachgook: The Great Snake (1967), 28 95, 123, 130 Chippewas, 92 and The Last of the Mohicans, xi, 89–93 Chisum (1970), 144 and Leatherstocking series, 14–15, 44, Christianity, 76–7, 124–30; see also 120, 182, 188, 264 particular denomination and The Pioneers, 21 Christy, Howard Chandler, 78 and The Prairie, 47 Church, Frederic, 17, 48 white–native relations in, 21–7, 48 churches, 129–30, 183, 186, 244–6, see also specific book 248–50, 266 Cooper, Merian, 194 Churchill, Berton, 137, 333n15 Cooper, William, 52–3, 91, 194 Churchill, Marguerite, 109, 111, 111, Cooperstown, New York, 21, 52, 91 131, 146 Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 38, Churchill, Ward, xiii 86 Cimarron (1931), 100, 101, 186–8, 249 Coroner Creek (1948), 266 cities, 102, 154, 156, 159, 204; see also Cosmatos, George P., 278 film noir; small town Costner, Kevin, 27, 278 Clanton, Billy, 215 Cotten, Joseph, 206 Clanton, Isaac “Ike,” 215 Country Doctor, The (1909), 40 Clanton, N.