1 2 3 4 5 Heideggerian Marxism 6 7 8 9 10 11 [First Page] 12 [-1], (1) 13 14 15 Lines: 0 to 16 ——— 17 * 429.1755pt 18 ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageB 21 22 [-1], (1) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 european horizons 2 Series Editors 3 Richard Golsan, 4 Texas A&M University 5 6 Christopher Flood, 7 University of Surrey 8 Jeffrey T. Schnapp, 9 Stanford University 10 11 Richard Wolin, 12 The Graduate Center, [-2], (2) 13 City University of New York 14 15 Lines: 15 16 ——— 17 * 321.29399pt 18 ——— 19 Normal P 20 * PgEnds: 21 22 [-2], (2) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 Heideggerian 6 7 8 9 Marxism 10 11 12 [-3], (3) 13 14 15 Lines: 36 to 16 ——— 17 0.78pt PgV 18 Herbert Marcuse ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageB 21 22 [-3], (3) 23 24 25 Edited by 26 27 Richard Wolin and John Abromeit 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 university of nebraska press 37 lincoln and london 1 © 2005 by the University of Nebraska Press 2 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America 3 ⅜ϱ 4 The essays of Herbert Marcuse contained in this volume 5 are reprinted with the permission of the Literary Estate of Herbert Marcuse Peter Marcuse, executor. 6 Supplementary material from previously unpublished work of Herbert Marcuse, 7 much now in the archives of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University 8 Frankfurt am Main, is being published by Routledge in a six-volume series edited by Douglas Kellner. 9 All rights to further publication of this material are retained by the estate. 10 “Heidegger’s Politics: An Interview with Herbert Marcuse” is reprinted 11 with the permission of the Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal. 12 [-4], (4) Set in Garamond. 13 Designed by R. W. Boeche. 14 15 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lines: 71 Marcuse, Herbert, 1898– 16 Heideggerian Marxism / Herbert Marcuse ; ——— 17 edited by Richard Wolin and John Abromeit. * 170.593pt 18 p. cm. – (European horizons) ——— Includes bibliographical references and (p. ) index. Normal P 19 isbn-13: 978-0-8032-8312-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 20 isbn-10: 0-8032-8312-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) * PgEnds: 1. Heidegger, Martin, 1889–1976. 2. Historical materialism. 21 3. Dialectical materialism. 4. Socialism. 5. Communism. 22 I. Wolin, Richard. II. Abromeit, John, 1970– III. Title. IV. Series. [-4], (4) 23 b3279.h49m2732 2005 191–dc22 24 2005012975 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 For Martin Jay 6 In honor of his sixtieth birthday 7 8 9 10 11 12 [-5], (5) 13 14 15 Lines: 154 to 16 ——— 17 * 416.22151pt 18 ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageB 21 22 [-5], (5) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [-6], (6) 13 14 15 Lines: 166 16 ——— 17 0.0pt PgV 18 ——— 19 Normal P 20 PgEnds: 21 22 [-6], (6) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 Contents 6 7 8 9 10 Preface ix 11 Introduction: What is Heideggerian Marxism? xi 12 [-7], (7) 13 1. Contributions to a Phenomenology 14 of Historical Materialism 1 15 Lines: 168 to 16 2. On Concrete Philosophy 34 ——— 17 3. On the Problem of the Dialectic 53 * 42.38951pt 18 ——— 19 4. New Sources on the Foundation Normal Page 20 of Historical Materialism 86 * PgEnds: PageB 21 5. On the Philosophical Foundations of the 22 Concept of Labor in Economics 122 [-7], (7) 23 24 6. German Philosophy, 1871–1933 151 25 26 7. Heidegger’s Politics: An Interview 165 27 8. Postscript: My Disillusionment with Heidegger 176 28 29 Glossary 177 30 Notes 191 31 32 Publication History 223 33 34 Index 225 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [-8], (8) 13 14 15 Lines: 262 16 ——— 17 0.0pt PgV 18 ——— 19 Normal P 20 PgEnds: 21 22 [-8], (8) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 Preface 6 7 8 9 10 The idea for this volume evolved from a remarkable 1998 conference held at 11 the University of California, Berkeley, and organized by John Abromeit and 12 W. Mark Cobb in honor of Herbert Marcuse’s centennial. [-9], (9) 13 For the 1960s generation, Marcuse was a towering figure—living proof that 14 the so-called generation gap was, in large measure, a mass media fabrication. Lines: 266 to 15 Unlike his Frankfurter School compagnons de route, Max Horkheimer and 16 Theodor Adorno, Marcuse remained remarkably open and receptive to con- ——— 17 temporary political developments. Horkheimer and Adorno’s skepticism vis-à- 13.5pt PgV ——— 18 vis the student movement resulted from their critical assessment of Bolshevism 19 Normal Page as a potent and insidious form of political domination. Their assessment was 20 * PgEnds: Eject consistent with the criticisms of the so-called left communists such as Anton 21 Pannekoek, Hermann Görter, and Rosa Luxemburg. But their views were also 22 conditioned by Germany’s vulnerable geopolitical position on the front lines of [-9], (9) 23 the cold war. Marcuse, conversely, had witnessed firsthand the political evils of 24 McCarthyism, followed by America’s grotesque military build-up in Vietnam, 25 26 in which the horrors of modern war—napalm and massive, indiscriminate 27 aerial bombardment—seemingly knew no bounds. 28 At the Berkeley conference, it was clear that John Abromeit and I shared 29 a profound interest in German philosophy of the 1920s, whose high points 30 were undoubtedly Georg Lukács’s History and Class Consciousness (1923) and 31 Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time (1927). What made Marcuse’s intellectual 32 itinerary so unique was that, at a remarkably young age, he attempted a land- 33 mark synthesis of both traditions: Hegelian Marxism and existential ontology. 34 Moreover, both John and I felt strongly that Marcuse’s contributions were not 35 of merely “historical” value. Instead, we believed that his efforts to combine 36 these two orientations helped to shed important light on problems of the 37 philosophical-political present. x Preface 1 The volume took longer than anticipated to bring to completion. During 2 the late 1920s and 1930s, Marcuse adopted a hybrid, existential Marxist idiom 3 that places peculiar demands on English-speaking readers. Consequently, we 4 felt that our primary responsibility was to ensure that the texts in question 5 appeared in a lucid and accessible English, while at the same time preserving 6 the conceptual rigor of Marcuse’s philosophical and theoretical arguments. 7 Publication of Heideggerian Marxism would not have been possible were it 8 not for the solidarity and assistance of a number of individuals. Above all, we 9 would like to thank Herbert Marcuse’s son, Peter, for his willingness to grant 10 rights and permissions in his capacity as executor of his father’s literary estate. 11 We would also like to publicly acknowledge the efforts of the translators: 12 Ron Haas, Eric Oberle, Matthew Erlin, and John Abromeit. Without their [-10], (10) 13 dedication and tenacity, the volume would never have come to fruition. We 14 would also like to thank our editor at the University of Nebraska Press, M. 15 J. Devaney for her keen editorial discernment and consistent enthusiasm for Lines: 291 16 the project. ——— 17 Allow me to conclude on a personal note. During the 1970s, I had the * 48.0pt 18 good fortune to meet Herbert Marcuse on several occasions—in San Diego, ——— 19 Toronto, and Berkeley. No one who met him could fail to be impressed by Normal P 20 his humanity, his playfulness, and his generosity of spirit. In so many respects, * PgEnds: 21 he was a modern embodiment of the proverbial Aristotelian “great-souled 22 individual.” Our conversations—though they were few—remain permanently [-10], (10) 23 etched in my memory. Publishing this collection of his early philosophical 24 writings is a modest way of acknowledging an intellectual and personal debt 25 that I could never hope to repay in full. 26 Lastly, John Abromeit and I would like to dedicate this volume to the 27 man who has perhaps done more than anyone else to promote international 28 interest in the Frankfurt School legacy: Martin Jay. To me, Marty has been a 29 mentor, friend, confidante, and critic. His generosity and open-mindedness 30 are matchless. We have known each other now for nearly twenty-five years. 31 May our friendship last at least another twenty-five. 32 Richard Wolin 33 New York 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction 6 What Is Heideggerian Marxism? 7 8 Richard Wolin 9 10 11 12 [-11], (11) 13 The relatively late and then very rapid reception of Marcuse’s work has allowed a 14 historically inaccurate image of him to emerge: the older strata of his development 15 remain unrecognizable. Marcuse’s 1932 book, Hegel’s Ontology, remains essen- Lines: 315 to 16 tially unknown. I suppose that one would find few among Marcuse’s contemporary ——— 17 readers who would not be completely surprised by the Introduction’s concluding 9.48601pt sentence: “Any contribution this work may make to the development and 18 ——— clarification of problems is indebted to the philosophical work of Martin Normal Page 19 Heidegger.” I don’t know what Marcuse thinks about this sentence today; we PgEnds: T X 20 have never spoken about it.