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COMPANY Specialists in Insurance for the Foreign Service at Home and Abroad 1730 K Street, NW, Suite 701, Washington, D.C. 20006 Phone (202) 872-0060 Fax (202) 466-9064 Telex 64514 Cable Clements/Washington TRUING n ON THE MOUNTAIN If people join the Foreign Service because they’re looking for adventure and AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION challenge, there are quite a few who haven’t been disappointed in the first two years Governing Board of the Bush Administration. Recent crises that already have challenged the Consular President: THEODORE S. WILKINSON Affairs Bureau include the Panama intervention, terrorism in the Philippines, the State Vice President: RICHARD MILTON AID Vice President: WENDELL MORSE Liberian civil war, and the ongoing Iraq/Kuwait crisis. Add to this the high state of alert USIA Vice President: VANCE PACE Americans must maintain wherever the narcotics cartels operate and in all regions of Retiree Vice President: CHARLES A. SCHMITZ Secretary: MICHAEL COTTER instability where the United States has taken a firm position. Treasurer: MICHAEL DAVILA Despite all this, one reason that Foreign Service duty doesn’t strike all Americans State Representatives: PURNELL DEI.LY DAVID T. JONES as a script for Harrison Ford is that a lot of people don’t even know what the Foreign THOMAS MILLER Service is. As former Under Secretary Ron Spiers pointed out in a pithy op¬ SANDRA ODOR HARRY GALLAGHER ed piece some time ago, you have to start by distinguishing it from the forest service AID Representatives: PAULA BRYAN and the foreign legion. SAMUEL SCOTT USIA Representative: BERNARD HENSGEN Then comes the more difficult task—dealing with the large group of Americans who Retired Representatives: JOHN J. HARTER already know—or think they know—what the Foreign Service does. This is the group L. BRUCE LAENGEN DAVID SCHNEIDER that asks (for the skeptical, I have the questions on tape, addressed to me on a call- Staff in show) why the Foreign Service gave up Europe and Asia to communism and Latin Executive Director: SABINE SISK General Counsel: TURNA R. LEWIS America to dictators. Never mind that we’ve recouped most of what was “lost. ” To them, Controller: CATHY FREGELETTE Washington is monochromatic, and all agencies have been endowed with an equally Member Services Director: CHRIS BAZAR generous share of incompetence. Painting in the shades of difference in the executive Member Services: branch is a painstaking task, and some people will never see diem. Representative. CATHERINE SCHMITZ Whatever else AFSA may accomplish, our greatest challenge lies in better illustrating Director for Membership: JANET L. HEDRICK to our own countrymen what the Foreign Service is—a corps of loyal public servants— Membership Assistant: IRENE LOWY and what it isn’t: a council of elders that debates administration proposals and decides Legal Assistant: MARK W. SMITH Law Clerks: ELLEN THORBURN whether to implement them. The association pursues this goal with an outreach CHRISTIE WOO progam that incoiporates articles in the FSJ, regular contacts with key legislators and Executive Assistants: BARBARA THOMPSON, DEBORAH M. LEAHY staff, and the effort we began in 1989 to build bridges with business partners through Administrative Assistant: CHAMPA JARMUL our “international associates” program of topical, trade-related conferences. Professional Issues Regrettably, AFSA alone will make no more than a ripple in a sea of indifference. RICHARD S. THOMPSON Congressional Liaison Telling it on the mountain is a task for everyone. We need to take full advantage, for ROBERT M. BEERS, RICK WEISS instance, of the boost to Foreign Service public relations that Ambassador Nat Howell Scholarship Programs and staff provided through their four selfless months making a beseiged embassy in GAIL VOLK Kuwait a symbol of U.S. resolve. AFSA is organizing speaking tours early in 1991 for The American Foreign Service Association, founded Howell and for Deputy Chief of Mission Barbara Bodine, and we have also proposed in 1924, is the professional association of the Foreign Service and the official representative of all Foreign to potential donors the funding of a permanent AFSA speakers’ bureau, which would Service employees in the Department of State and the supplement the State Department’s meager budget, find active and retired Foreign Agency for International Development under the terms of the Foreign Service Act of 1980. Active or Retired Service people to meet regional requests for speakers, and perhaps even stimulate membership in AFSA is open to all current or retired employees of the U.S. foreign affairs agencies. Associ¬ more such requests. ate membership is open to persons having an interest But our best resource by far is you, AFSA’s members. All Foreign Service people in or close association with the Foreign Service. Annual dues: Active Members—$80-165: Retired Members— have a stoiy to tell. Most fail to realize that their stories, their videos, slides, and photos $45-55; Associate Members—$45. All AFSA members are members of the Foreign Service Club. Please note: are of interest to more than just family and close friends. It’s only a small step from the AFSA dues and Legislative Action Fund donations may be deductible as an ordinary and necessary business home to a church group, or to community Rotarians or Lions, and from there to the expense for federal income tax purposes. Scholarship next town. In some cases, the regional programs division of the State Department’s and AFSA Fund donations may be deductible as charitable contributions. public affairs bureau can help with planning. For those of you on active duty, think AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION, 2101 E Street about this option the next time you’re on home leave, and give your hometown friends NW, Washington. D.C. 20037. Executive offices, mem¬ bership, professional issues, scholarship programs, time enough to arrange things for you in advance. For our retired community, please insurance programs, JOURNAL offices: (202) 338-4045. Governing Board, standing committees, general coun¬ register as interested parties for our (eventual) speakers bureau. And for all AFSA sel, labor-management relations, member services, grievances: ( 202) 647-8160. • FAX: (202) 338-6820 • members, let us know other ways in which AFSA can help youteW the Foreign Service Foreign Service Club (202) 338-5730. story. —TED WILKINSON 2 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • FEBRUARY 1991 FOREIGN SERVICE FEBRUARY 1991 JOURNAL VOL. 68, NO. 2 Editorial Board Chairman HOWARD SCHAFFER RICHARD AHERNE WILLIAM BEECHER C. STUART CALLISON GEORGE FLORES HELEN STROTHER FOUCHE JOE B. JOHNSON BENJAMIN LOWE ROBERT A. POLLARD THEODORE S. WILKINSON Women’s Revolution. .12 Terrorism 28 “The Independent Voice of the FEATURES Foreign Service” Speaking Out: 12 Editor MARGUERITE COOPER ANNE STEVENSON-YANG Assistant Editor/Advertising Manager Twenty Years After the “Women’s Revolution” JULIA T. SCHIEKEN Editorial Assistant: MAE JONES FOCUS: THE WAR POWERS ACT Design: MARKETING & MEDIA SOLUTIONS Why It Doesn’t Work 20 The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL is published ALFRED P. RUBIN monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private non-profit organization. Material appearing herein represents the opinions A Source of Strength 24 of the writers and does not necessarily represent ALBERT (PETER) LAKELAND the views of AFSA or the JOURNAL. Writer queries are invited. JOURNAL subscriptions: AFSA Members— included in annual dues; others, $25. Overseas subscriptions (except Canada ), $35 per year. Airmail “We Will Not Pay Blackmail” 28 not available. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C., DAVID A. KORN and at additional post office. Postmaster: Send The Khartoum murders and U.S. policy on terrorism address changes to AFSA, 2101 E Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Microfilm copies: University Microfilm Library Doing Home Leave Right 32 Services, Ann Arbor Michigan 48106 (October 1967 to present). Indexed by Public Affairs Information BRIAN CARLSON Service (PALS). Advertising inquiries invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply AFSA endorsement of the services or goods Diplomats in History: Jefferson on War 37 offered • FAX: (202) 338-6820 • Telephone: (202) 338-4045 or 338-4054. Books 39 American Foreign Service Association, 1991 ISSN 0015-7279 James Bahti on American presidents and the Middle East; Jerrold Keilson on February 1991, Vol. 68, no. 2 public diplomacy; Smith Simpson on defining diplomacy. DEPARTMENTS AFSA Views 2 ASFA1990 Tax Guide 53 Letters 4 Election 1991 60 Cover design by 50 Years Ago 8 AFSA News 65 Caryn Suko of Marketing and Foreign Service Quiz 8 Clippings 10 Realtors 47 Media Solutions Postcard from Abroad 38 Classified 51 COVER PHOTOGRAPHS: MAE SCANLAN In Memory 42 Marketplace 44 FEBRUARY 1991 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 3 MAKING HISTORY again to a defense of saying: we’re AT STATE professional, we act in good faith, don’t question our judgment. If the Foreign To THE EDITOR: Relations series is to serve a purpose, Historians have three concerns about the department overlook this fact.