FIDES ET LIBERTAS 2007 International Religious Liberty Association (Printed in partnership with Liberty Magazine) 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, Maryland 20904-6600, United States of America Phone: +301.680.6686 - Fax: +301.680.6695 E-mail: [email protected] - Web site: www.irla.org 3 International Jose Camilo Cardoso (Argentina) Religious Liberty Blandine Chelini-Pont (France) Dean Y. Hui Chen (USA) Association Elizabeth Clark (USA) Pauline Cote (Canada) Derek Davis (USA) OFFICERS Jean-Arnold de Clermont (France) Alberto de la Hera (Spain) Denton Lotz (USA) Walter Douglas (Grenada) President W. Cole Durham (USA) John Graz (Switzerland) Silvio Ferrari (Italy) Secretary-General Jeremy Gunn (USA) Jonathan Gallagher (UK) Alain Garay (France) Deputy Secretary-General Eugene Hsu (China) Daisy J. F. Orion (Philippines) Anatoly Krasikov (Russia) Treasurer Michael Kulakov (Russia) Todd McFarland (USA) Natan Lerner (Israel) Legal Advisor Sharon Linzey (USA) BOARD OF DIRECTORS David Little (USA) Rosa Maria Martinez de Codes (Spain) Bert B. Beach (USA) Nick Miller (USA) Matthew Bediako (Ghana) Karel Nowak (Czech Republic) Lee Boothby (USA) Gerhard Robbers (Germany) Reinder Bruinsma (Netherlands) Jacques Robert (France) Ray L. Coombe (Australia) Gianfranco Rossi (Italy) Rajmund Dabrowski (Poland) Jaime Rossell (Spain) Luka T. Daniel (Côté d’Ivoire) Jane Sabes (USA) Alberto de la Hera (Spain) Robert Seiple (USA) W. Cole Durham (USA) Henri Sobel (Brazil) Laurie J. Evans (Australia) Gunnar Staalsett (Norway) Ulrich Frikart (Switzerland) James Standish (Australia) Jonathan Gallagher (UK) Rik Torfs (Belgium) John Graz (Switzerland) Mitch Tyner (USA) Albert C. Gulfan, Jr. (Philippines) James Vaughn (USA) Eugene Hsu (China) Erton Köhler (Brazil) INTERNATIONAL Anatoly Krasikov (Russia) REPRESENTATIVES Robert Kyte (Canada) Japheth Agboka (Ghana) Jairong Lee (South Korea) Jonathan C. Catolico (Philippines) Israel Leito (Netherlands Antilles) Ray L. Coombe (Australia) Denton Lotz (USA) Roberto Herrera (Mexico) Rosa Maria Martinez de Codes (Spain) Glenn Mitchell (South Korea) Geoffrey Mbwana (Tanzania) Hensley Moorooven (South Africa) Todd McFarland (USA) Mutuku Mutinga (Kenya) Roland Minnerath (France) Karel Nowak (Czech Republic) Daisy J. F. Orion (Philippines) Gordon Christo (India) Jan Paulsen (Norway) Halvard Thomsen (USA) Paul S. Ratsara (Madagascar) Victor Vitko (Russia) Don C. Schneider (USA) Harold Wollan (Norway) Robert Seiple (USA) Gunnar Staalsett (Norway) STAFF James Standish (Australia) Jonathan Gallagher Artur Stele (Russia) Deputy Secretary-General and Halvard Thomsen (USA) Representative to the United Nations Victor Vitko (Russia) Deborah Knott Ronald D. Watts (India) News/Media Bertil Wiklander (Sweden) James D. Standish BOARD OF EXPERTS Director for Development and Representative to the United States government Jean Bauberot (France) Carol Rasmussen Lee Boothby (USA) Administrative Assistant Declar ation of Principles We believe that religious liberty is a God-given right. We believe that legislation and other governmental acts which unite church and state are contrary to the best interest of both institutions and are potentially prejudicial to human rights, and hold that it is best exercised where separation is maintained between church and state. We believe that government is divinely ordained to support and protect citizens in their enjoyment of natural rights, and to rule in civil affairs; and that in so doing, government warrants respectful obedience and willing support. We believe in the natural and inalienable right of freedom of conscience—to have or not have a religion; to adopt the religion or belief of one’s choice; to change religious belief according to conscience; to manifest one’s religion individually or in community with others in worship, observance, practice, promulgation, and teaching—subject only to respect for the equivalent rights of others. We believe that religious liberty also includes the freedom to establish and operate appropriate charitable or educational institutions, to solicit or receive voluntary financial contributions, to observe days of rest and celebrate holidays in accordance with the precepts of one’s religion, and to maintain communication with fellow believers at national and international levels. We believe that religious liberty and the elimination of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief are essential to promote understanding, peace, and friendship among peoples. We believe that citizens should use lawful and honorable means to prevent the reduction of religious liberty. We believe that the spirit of true religious liberty is epitomized in the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. Statement of Purposes The purposes of the International Religious Liberty Association are universal and nonsectarian. They include: 1 Dissemination of the principles of religious liberty throughout the world; 2 Defense and safeguarding of the civil right for all people to worship, to adopt a religion or belief of their choice, to manifest their religious convictions in observance, promulgation, and teaching, subject only to the respect for the equivalent rights of others; 3 Support for religious organizations to operate freely in every country through the establishment of charitable or educational institutions; 4 Organization of local, national, and regional chapters, in addition to holding seminars, symposiums, conferences and congresses around the world. Mission Statement The mission of the International Religious Liberty Association is to defend, protect and promote religious liberty for all people everywhere. Gallagher Introduction: The World Congress Fides Et Libertas The Journal of the International Religious Liberty Association 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, Maryland 20904-6600, USA Phone: 301.680.6686 - Fax: 301.680.6695 www.irla.org John Graz, Publisher Phone: 301.680.6680 E-mail: [email protected] Jonathan Gallagher, Editor Phone: 301.680.6682 E-mail: [email protected] Deborah Knott, Managing Editor Phone: 301.680.6683 E-mail: [email protected] Statements of fact in this issue of FIDES ET LIBERTAS are those of the authors as they understand the facts. The views expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the International Religious Liberty Association. Copyright © 2007 International Religious Liberty Association. All rights reserved. Printed at House of Printing, Burtonsville, MD Price US$10. 8 Gallagher Introduction: The World Congress contents Jonathan Gallagher INTRODUCTION: THE WORLD CONGRESS 12 John Graz INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ASSOCIATION SIXTH WORLD CONGRESS OPENING REMARKS 14 Paul Ratsara A CORDIAL WELCOME TO CONGRESS DELEGATES 18 Address of Asma Jahangir UN SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF 20 Ebrahim Rasool WELCOME FROM WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE PREMIER 22 Helen Zille SPECIAL MESSAGE 26 Denton Lotz PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS: TEN THESES TO PROMOTE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 29 9 Gallagher Introduction: The World Congress Seyed Mohammad Ali Abtahi COMBATING HATRED: THE HISTORICAL MISSION OF RELIGIONS 36 Bert B. Beach RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OR RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM? 40 Janet Epp Buckingham COMBATING RELIGIOUS HATRED 45 José Camilo Cardoso PROGRESS ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN LATIN AMERICA 50 Ela Gandhi INTERFAITH LIBERTIES A FIRST STEP TO PEACE: THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERIENCE 75 Gregory W. Hamilton RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND AMERICA’S CHRISTIAN NATION DEBATE: REVISITING THE INTENTIONS OF AMERICA’S CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDERS 81 10 Gallagher Introduction: The World Congress Anatoly Krasikov THE RUSSIAN REACTION TO RELIGIOUS HATRED 91 Rosa María Martínez de Codes THE SPANISH ANSWER TO RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: FROM INSTITUTIONAL INTOLERANCE TO INSTITUTIONAL TOLERANCE 98 John L. Nkomo RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL TOLERANCE: THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE 108 Robert Seiple THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND HATE 112 Rik Torfs COMBATING RELIGIOUS HATRED THE EUROPEAN WAY 120 Resolutions of the Sixth World Congress 130 Statement of Concern of the Sixth World Congress 133 11 Abtahi Combating Hatred:The Historical Mission of Religions Introduction: The World Congress Jonathan Gallagher IRLA Deputy Secretary-General he International Religious Liberty Association (IRLA) Sixth World TCongress, “Combating Religious Hatred through Freedom to Believe,” convened in Cape Town, South Africa, from February 27 – March 1, 2007. It provided a superb forum for education, debate, and inspiration, bringing together government officials, diplomats, academics, experts and religious leaders in what has become the premier event for the promotion of religious freedom. Two major outcome documents were produced, while the event also provided a great opportunity for advancing religious liberty ideas in the media. That’s the cold summary. But truly the impact is not in words on paper or on TV or on the radio, but in changes in the hearts and minds of people— people who truly do need to be better informed, more aware, and increasingly challenged by the problems of religious intolerance and persecution. It is not enough simply to have a meeting, important though that may be. The IRLA is looking for results—to promote definite change, to see a difference in the way we treat each other when it comes to freedom of religion or belief. The question is often asked, “So what difference does a World Congress make?” It’s tough to answer, because we don’t have a balance sheet bottom line, or a better profit margin, or increased market share. It’s hard to measure the impact of