PUBLISHED BY Public Affairs Divisio~l Washington. D.C. 20546 1983 IColor4-by-5 inch transpar- available free to information lead and sent to: Non-informstionmedia may obtain identical material for a fee through a photographic contractor by using the order forms in the rear of this book. These photqraphs are government publications-not subject to copyright They may not be used to state oiimply the endorsement by NASA or by any NASA employee of a commercial product piocess or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead. Accordingly, it is requested that if any photograph is used in advertising and other commercial promotion. layout and copy be submitted to NASA prior to release. Front cover: "Lift-off of the Columbia-STS-2 by artist Paul Salmon 82-HC-292 82-ti-304 r 8arnr;w u vowzn u)rorr ~ nsrvnv~~nrnno................................................ .-- Seasat .......................................................................... 197 Skylab 1 Selected Pictures .......................................................150 Skylab 2 Selected Pictures ........................................................ 151 Skylab 3 Selected Pictures ........................................................152 Skylab 4 Selected Pictures ........................................................ 153 SpacoColony ...................................................................183 Space Shuttle ...................................................................171 Space Stations ..................................................................198 \libinn 1 1f.d Apoiio 17/Earth 72-HC-928 72-H-1578 Apolb B/Earth Rise 68-HC-870 68-H-1401 Voyager ;//Saturn 81-HC-520 81-H-582 Voyager I/Ssturian System 80-HC-647 80-H-866 Voyager IN~lpiterSystem 79-HC-256 79-H-356 Viking 2 on Mars 76-HC-855 76-H-870 Apollo 11 /Aldrin 69-HC-1253 69-H-682 Apollo !I /Aldrin 69-HC-684 69-H-1255 STS-I /Young and Crippen 79-HC-206 79-H-275 STS-1- ! QTPLaunch of the Columbia" 82-HC-23 82-H-22 Major Launches NAME UUNCH VEHICLE MISSIONIREMARKS 1956 VANGUARD Dec. 8.1956 VAN TV-0 Test Veh~cla-Non-NASA 1957 VANGUARD May 1, ivar VAN TV-1 Test Veh~cleNon-NASA VANGUARD Oct 23.1957 VAN N-2 Test Vehicleluon-NASA VANGUARD Dac 6.1957 VAN TV-3 Test Vehicle--Non-NASA (W law EXPLORER 1 Feb 1.1958 Jup~ter-C Energetlc Parttcles Dtscovered Van Allen Belt. (ABMA) Non-NASA VANGUARD I Mar 17.1958 VAN N-4 Geodetlc Survey Determined brth IS slightly pear-shaped, signaiu lest acqu~redMay, 1964 (NRL) VANGUARD June 26.1958 VAN SLV-2 Launch Veh~cle-Non-NASA EXPLORER It1 Mar. 26.1958 Juptter-C Energetlc Particles. Pddttlonal Van Allen Belt Gate. (ABMA) Non-NASA EXPLORER IV July 28, 1958 Jup~ter-C en erg ell^ Partcles: Establ~shedspatlal relatlonshlpsand some -ropedm of Argus rad~abon(ABMA, PIONEER I Oct. 11 1958 Thor-Able 1 Part~clesand Flelds Radlal extent of radtatlon bands, hydrornagnetlc oscllla- tlon F~rstNASA Fllght PIONEER Ill Juno II Energetlc Particles D~scoveredsecond radiat~onbelt 1959 VANGUARO !! Feb 17.1959 VAN SLV-4 Me%orolhl Precess~onof satell~te prevented usable cloud cover data. PIONEER IV Mar. 3. 1959 Juno II Clslunar and Lcnar Probe Energetlc Partlcles. passed wlthln 37,300 ml. of the Moon March 4.1959. ' '.NGUARD VAN SLV-5 Magnetlc F~eldsand APi~osphertcPhys- ics. 30-~nchsphere: 2nd sta~efallwe VANGUARD June 22. ?959 VAN SLV-6 Solar-Earth Heattng. 2nd-stage fa~lure EXPLORER VI Aug 7.1959 Thor-Able Parttcles and Meteorology 3 redatton (S-2) levels; crude cloud cover Image; rung of electric current circling Earth. BIG JOE Sept 9, 1959 Suborbital Mercury Capsule Test Cap- (Mercury sule successfully recovered after reen- try test VANGUARD Ill VAN SLV-7 Particles end Fields magnettc field sur- vey, lower edge of rad~ationbelt LITTLE JOE I Oct 4.1959 Little Joe Suborbital Mercury Capsule Test Oualt- L/V-6 lied booster for ure w~thMercury !est program (WI) SPACECRAFT LAUNCH VEHICLE RECOVERY B6W COLOR Baw COLOR B&W COLOR VAN-1 67-HC-472 VAN-2 VAN-3 67-HC-476 VAN-5 ' VfN-6 67-HC-479 VAN-7 . VAN-8 67-HC-485 VAN-9A Space 12 VAN 20 67-HC-498 VAN-21 58-Exp 111-1 N /A 67-HC-509 59 -EXP EXP VI-1 VI-12 Mer L.J -49 L.J.-4 MERC. LJ.-53 Major launches NAME LAUNCH VEHICLE EXPLORER VII Oct 13,1959 JUNO Energebc PaNcles; Data on rad~ation (S-h) 11(19A) and magnetrc storms; first mlcrometeor- ~teoenetration of sensor. Ll?7LE JOE II LitUe Joe Suborb~talMercury Capsule Test Cap- L/V-IA sule escape test Escape rocket had a delayed thrust buildup. PI) PIONEER Nov. 26. 1959 Atlas-Able Lunar Orbrter: Shrc ~d fallure after 45 (P-3) w~nds. LITTLE JOE Ill Dec 4.1959 Little Joe SuborStSI Mercury Capsule Test L/v-2 Escape system and bromedrcal tests: Monkey (Sam) used. (HI. alt abort dem- onstrabon at max. O),PI) 1960 LITTLE JOE IV Jan 21.1960 Llffle Joe Suborbital Mercury Capsule Test LfV-10 Escape system and blomedrcal test Monkey (Miss Sam) used. Repeat of Dec. 4. 1959 fl~ght(Wlj PIONEER V Mar. 11. 1960 Thor-Able IV Part~clesand Fields: Ciscytherean (P-2) space; 1st solar Rare date; solar wmd. TlROS I Apr~l1. 1960 Thor-Able Meteorology; F~rstglobal cloud cover pctures SCOUT X Apr~l18, 1960 Scout X Launch Vehicle Development Test Structural f~alureprevented 3rd-stage rgnibon (dummy 2nd and 4th stages); not a complete test vehcle). (WI) SCOUT July 1. 1960 Scout Launch Vehicle Development Test (WI). MERCURY July 29. 1960 Atlas Suborbital Mercury Capsule Reentry (MA-1) Test Atlas explored. ECHO I (A-11) Aug. 12. 1960 Thor-Delta Communications Earth Satellite: First passive communicat~onssatellrte 100' sphere used for passive communlcabon and alr densty experiments. SCOUT Oct 4. 1960 Scout Launch Veh~cleDevelopment Test Arr Force Special Weapons Center radia- tion experiment payload included. (WI). EXPLORER Nov. 3,1960 Juno II Ionosphere: Confirmed existence of Vlll (S-30) helium layer in upwr atmosphere. LITTLE JOE V Nov. 8.1960 Llffle Joe Suborbital Mercury Capsule Test Mer- L/ v-5 cury capsule system qualification; pre- mature escape-rocket firing. (Wl). TlROS II Nov 23.1W Thor-Delta Meteorology: Optical and infrared pho- toe of global cloud cover. MERCURY Dec. 19.1960 Redstone Suborbital Mercury Capsule Test (MU-1A) Unmanned 235-mile flight Successful. SPACECRAFT LAUNCH VEHICLE RECOVERY B6W COLOR B6W COLOR B6W COLOR 59-EXP EXP Vll-7 59-UP. EXP Vll-10 Vll-22 Vll-27 MER MER. LJ.-7 . LJ.45 LJ.-60 .58-P-5 PIONEER 3-4 MERC. LJ -11 LJ.-70 M-854 LJ.-3 M -60 LJ.-13 MERC LJ.-14 LJ -63 :60-P-4V PIONEER 60-P2A-V PIONEER 5-27 5-74 50-TIROS- TIROS-I 60-TIROS- TIROS-11 26 33 60-S-35 , ' 50-MAl-2 MA1-1 60-MA1-7 MA1-3 -,* . 3)-E-6 ECHO 1-38 60-E-1 ECHO 1-12 jO-EXP. EXP. Vlll-12 60-EXP. EXP. Vlll-14 ' &!I-3 Vlll-6 MERC. L.J.-127 I-. L Major Launches NAME VEHICLE MISSION1REMARKS 1961 MERCURY Jan. 31, 1961 Redstone Suborb~CIlMercury Capsule Test 16- (MR-2) minute flight of ch~mpanzee(Ham); booster oversped. EXPLORER IX Feb. 16,1961 Scout Atmospheric Phys1calfV2h1cleTest 12- (S-56a) ft sphere. (WI). MERCURY Feb 21. 1961 Atlas Suborbital Mercury Capsule Test (MA-2) Unmanned. 1.425 mtle fltght; successful EXPLORER Feb 24,1961 Juno II Ionosphere: 2nd stage malfunct~onpre- (S-45) vented 3rd-and 4th stage firtng MERCURY Mar. 24, 1961 Redstone Veh~cleTest for Mercury Fhght: Booster (MR-BD) development test necess~tatedby MR-2 rl~ghtresults. WPLORER X Mar 25,1961 Thor-Delta Particles and F~elds-Interplanetary (P-14) rnagnehc field near Earth mamly exten- slon of Sun's magnet~cf~eld MERCURY Atlas Orb~talMercury Capsule Test Fa~lureIn (MA-3) 1st-stage; abort successful. EXPLORER XI Juno II Gamma Ray Astronomy El~m~nated (S-15) (4 stages) simultaneous matter-antmatter creation . theory of study state cosrndogy LllTLE JOE- L!ttle Joe Suborb~talMercury Capsule Test One 58 L/V-50 bocster snqne frred late Repeat of Mercury escape system test. (WI). FREEDOM 7 May 5.1961 Mercury- Manned Sub-Orb~talAlan B. Shepard. Redstone-3 Jr 15 mtn. July 12. 1961 Thor-Delta Meteorology Good cloud cover p~cture. ~nfrareddata LIBERTY July 21.1961 Mercury- Manned Sub-Orb~talVirg~l l Gr~ssorn BELL-7 Redstone-4 15 min WPLORER XI1 Aug 16. 1961 Thor-Delta Part~clesand F~eldsldent~f~ed Van Allen 6-3) Belt as a magnetosphere. S~lentDec 6, 1961 RANGER 1 Aug. 23.1961 Atlas-Agena Part~clesand F~elds.Lower Earth orb~t than planned. WPLORER Aug. 25.1961 Scout M~crometeor~dsfVeh~cleTest Prema- Xlll (S-55a) ture reentry after three days (WI) MERCURY Sept 13,1961 Atlas Manned Space Systems, All capsule (MA-4) trackmg and recovery oblect~vesmet. SATURN TEST Oct. 27, 1961 Saturn I Launch Veh~cleDevelopment Test of (SA-I) propuls~onsystem of the booster (S-1); ver~f~cat~onof aerodynarn~c and struc- tural design of entlre veh~cle SPACECRAR LAUNCH VEHICLE RECOVERY B&W COLOR BaW COLOR B&W COLOR 61-SIV-4 EXP IX-15 61-XIV-8 EXP. IX-17 61-DELTA- EXP X-20 61-DELTA EXP X-21 4-3 4-12a ; 61-JUNO II- EXP XI-24 61-JUNO II- EXP Xi-23 9-1 8-23 : 61-S3-2 EXP Xll-31 61-S3-8 EXP Xll-30 61- RANGER 1- 61- RANGER I- RANGER-3 8 FNNGER-15 22 61-S6-9 EXP Xlll-35 61-S6-11 Major Launches NAME LAUNCH VEHICLE RANGEH ll Nor 18. 1961 Atlas-Agena Partcles and Fields Agena failed !o restart MERCURY Nov 29.