100 = 00o -in = o ICO M ZORO. i^^^^^^m SANrnAR I w^^^^^"mm^ Presented to the LffiRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by WiUard G. Oxtoby ft ? V^/'f? \ ^l^!i^l^ >1<YSH^^H ^^l^ h[\l'HR M'^(/fl ^?^b t\i >H^^l^.3i) \mH[ CH>MI<1 >l[:>^l ^cil: ^i Mi^^^^ ^Jtci'H?:? jjiHi^ n^sjHi ^Ho tibIriiHHi^^i$lu ZOROASTRIAM SANITARY CODE. (M^( 41MHI 2H^ 5)^ Raw .^5v"-H^i ^ii Wnm^i ^^l6ll W'3l5^ <MIHI^[ CH">{1 ^miMl ^l^ ^, "^ ^Wcft Clio 3\ >{1 il^^n^ \^^V9 ^Hl'O ^"^AHI ^^ ^(11 i^-lR dH^ ^.iSC-ft 5HiM^mi 5ni=i^. @MC-ft ^IQil'O il^lni< ^'^Wll^ 2HI ^[^<m i\(^^ ^^cl^l =HiMHm( ^%iiii 'ilife ^m[^ n m'l<{\ ?isci>ii =ir*^r ^H[\i b<\ wtlc-^ll ^cil. 2Hm y>cl( Vict ^Jj(V ^^l^l (H^lW 5Hlo?\l (^ni, ^ ^i. ^*>i ^^- '^ 5h., ^^ ilo ^Ul^lfc) 'I^^I'VS^ ^t^^; %H. (*> 6E"?'-'^ US '^j-uc^ .jV-n3>i-*'^^ -ei^-wa) .)yo)j*e^-"W ^"^^1? ciH ^ici~ 'd^ ^"^i^i!^ Sh"^! cf^<;-^^ (^'ii, 5^15;^ M^'s s^^ ^(v^n^i J/I^l ^cll: " ^il^ HlJs^^ll The Zoroastrian Sanitary Code 'll^^l ^^l^l 5HMl^ clMRHl ^. cil <H>MlH^l l^cil ^Ici ( Systematically ) c-t>Hmi s^vl^ rim. lii<^s "il'-Mcil \kn ^qisvlMl ^H^IH 5H^ cl'si^dl (Sanitary) ml-ll ^I3l>^[-^41 "^ ^ R'HH-ll ^sil^l ^i^ 5Hl^ rt<|l. "Ilfcl '-HI XwiCHldl >il^l 5HIHR la SM^ <^mill ^^ ^. -m^ ^ ct?.<V C-I3ldl e^iR^i %IR ^$fl C-l>HH^l ^^* ^Icl cil ^ \^m[^ '^AimiM ^[^{m <vqi 1 o^^[ %^[ (\) Mit^n, (;t) (^Hi, jvt^i^ (3) i*i\ ^^ 3R>{1'{1 5H^^, (Y) ^i.^5ii;\ ^iciiX,^Pt -i <*^qi CHIHS ov^Ml, (m) ^R15j, (0 ^ictl ^iSli 5H4 d^i (3Ml?ll Vk^l{\ ^\[l<{ mM. ^^^^r-llKl H4c{l "Sl^Ul j/l^C-n >cl[, ilC-lH( ^ Rai ^'^Q 5Hi3i$t ^'}i^ ^ci xi\J ^r^ 'HH", ctlMi^ mH<f\ ^ci Sl-wi'll"^ =Wl=(l ^^'icl " ^ R"HH <^ -tlM ^S^ ^"^Ml ^ ci ctlH i^cl( Health Laws of the Ancient Iranians ^^ll ^i^ ^^(A il^^^ " 5Hl sl^H'llX '^^.Idl'il '^IRcl Ml^ ^iXl ^H (Kl^l ^. ^iiiii ci's^i^cfldi iiHfa^i '-Mi'Ji Sii c(i5ic(i cHiHs \km ^^i 'hu^i. ci^-ll cl"i'r-^^=(l(a* M^Ri' ^^cli h[\V^[< ^I'iCA'^ Il= ^l(^^l^2i o %$13:5 4'nui, ^si. ^H. ^"i ^%i4* diM *'<^iHi^ ct^^ ^. Mo ii'^HR M*^^iki ^-i^n< PREFaeE. - This Essay was written in response to the Notice which appeared from the Rahnumae-Mazdiasnan Subha in the issue of 12th October 1900 of some of the Parsee of papers Bombay, announcing a prize " of Rs. 500 for the best Essay on the Zoroastrian Sanitary Code." The Subha submitted it to two for gentlemen examination, who awarded the prize to it. Acting upon the suggestion made by the Examin- ers, I have made a few alterations and modifications in the present Essay. I have adopted as the groundwork of this Essay the translation of the Avesta text published by my late learned Avesta preceptor, Ervad Kavasji Edalji Kanga, but wherever I have thought it advisable to to the version of the text , give preference given by a European scholar, I have mentioned his name or work in reference to it. Moreover, when I have not subscribed to the existing versions of the A vesta text, I have given my own version of the text rendered with the assistance of the existing versions and Ervad Kanga's Avesta Dictionary and Gram- mar. The version given by me of the text is literal, and the words put in parentheses are not expressed in the text, but are either explanatory or are added to complete the sense of the text. How far I have succeeded in this humble attempt, I leave it to the impartial judgment of the reader. I have tried my best to treat the various subjects of this Essay in a reo^ular order, and to proup under one headino- all the facts affecting a particular subject stated here and there in the Avestaic literature. The heading of each subject expressed in an in- terrogatory form is given, when possible, in the words of the text. Below the heading is given the n and next to it are reply to the question, given my own critical and explanatory notes and remarks the corroborating them, when possible, with opinions of famous authors, From my desire to make this Essay as accurate, interesting and useful as possible, I have devoted a good deal of time and pains in re- the But not- vising it and seeing it through press. withstanding all the pains that have been taken in the reader making it as accurate as possible, may discover some inaccuracies here and there, for which I crave his indulgence. this is to show My object in publishing Essay how well the laws of the my educated co religionists Vendidad enacted for the preservation of health and for the observance of the purity of things are in harmony with the laws of hygiene and the principles of the science of medicine. In conclusion, I beg to express my sincere thanks to all the authors whose valuable works I have consulted in the preparation of this work. SoKABJi Edalji Dubash, l. m. & s. Bombay, December 1906. Ill List of Books Consulted in the Preparation of this Work. Khordbh Avesta translated into Gujerati. By Kavasji Edalji Kanga. Fifbh Edition. Yashts translated into Gujerati. By Kavasji Edalji Kanga. The Gathas translatkd into Gujerati. By Kavasji Edalji Kanga. Second Edition. Yacna and Vispered translated into Gujerati. By Kavasji Edalji Kanga. A Practical Grammar of the Avesta Language. By Kava^i Edalji Kanga. A Complete Dictionary of the Avksta Language in Gujerati and English. By Kavasji Edalji Kanga. Yasna Ba Nirang. By Tehmuras Dinshaw Anklesharia. The Vendidad. A New Edition Prepared By Ervad Edalji Kersasfjee Antia. The Zend Avesta. Part I. The Vendidad Translated By James Dnrmesieter. >econd Edition. The Sacred Books OF the EiST. Vol. IV. The Zend-Avesta. Part III. The Yasna, Visparad, &c. Translated By L- H . Mills. Tee Sacred Books of the East. Vol XXXI. Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings, and Religion of the Parsis By Martin Haug. Edited By E. W. West., Ph. D. Second Edition. Principles op Forensic Medicine. By William A. Gvy M, B. Cantab, F. R. S. and David Ferrier, M. D. Edin. F. R. S. Fifth Edition. A Manual of Practical Hygiene. By Edmund A. Parkes, M. D., F.R. S. Sixth Edition. Hygiene and Public Healti^. By Louis C. Parkes, M. !>.,>. P. H. Lond. Univ. Second Edition. A Text Book op Medical Jurisprudence for India. By J. B- Lyon, F.C.S., F.L.C. The Book of Health. Edited By Malcolm Morris, F.R.C.S. Third Edition. Diseases op Women. By Arthur W. Edis, M. D. {Lond.) F. R.C.P- Manual of Gynecology. By D. B Hart, M. D. and A. 11. F. Barbour, M. D. Third Edition. A Teeatise ok the Science ano Practice of Midwifery. By W. S. Playfair, M. D., F. R. G. P. Fifth Edition- A Hahtdbook of the Theory 4xd Practice of Medicine. By Frederick T. Roberts, M.D., B. Sc, F. R. C. P. Sixth Edition. Bloxam's Chemistry. Edited By John M.Thomson and Arthur G. Bloxam. Eighth Edition. Materia Medica and Therapeutics. J. Mitchell By Bruce ^ M.A. Aberdeen, M.D., Lond. Sixth Edition. A Text Book of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Materia Medica. By T. Lauder Brunton, M. D., D. Sc, F. R, S- A Manual of Chemistry. By Arthur P. Luff, M. D., B. Sc.{Lond') M.R.G.P. A Text Book op Physiology. By M. Foster, M.A. ,M.D., L.L.D., F.R.S- Sixth Edition. On the Use of Beef's Urine. By Di''. Eugen Wilhelm, Professor of Iranian Languages, University of Jina. Botany Morphology, By W. R. McNab, M. D., F. L. S. Sixth Edition. Iranian Essays. By Jivanji Jamshedji Modi, B. A. Parts II. and III. The Funeral Ceremonies of the Parsees. By Jivanji Jamshedji Modi, B. A- Gathas, By L. H. Mills, D. D. 1894. The Gathas of Zarathushtra in metre and rhythm. By L. H. Mills, D. D. Second Edition. 1900. <Ssc. (fee. &c. The List of Abbreviations used in this Work : Yas. CONTKNTS CHAPTER I. Health and long life. CHAPTER II. * The Vendidad. ... (a) The Age of the Vendidad. 10 (b) The Superiority of the Vendidad to the other Uooks ^ CHAPTER III. On the Number of the Diseases created on the Earth : on the figurative Discourse between the Earth and Mathra Spenta; and on the Message of Ahura Mazda to Airya- man to cure these diseases ... ... ... ... 12 2. The ISTames of the Diseases mentioned in the Avesta.... 14 CHAPTER IV. 'When doe^ the Druj-Nasu (the Demon of Putrefaction) rush upon the dead? ... ... 15 Section I. On which part of the bedding and covering does the Druj- Nasu rush with contagion, infection and pollution? 19 Section II. How many persons become impure by contact when a person or a dog dies suddenly in an assembly ? ... 22 CHAPTER V. How shall the Mazdayasnians dispose of the corpse in winter if they find it impossible to take it to the Dakhma ? 24 Section I- If a dog or a man die in this house which (is.) of a wor- shipper of Mazda on tho> approach uf darkness by day- time, or (when) it is raining, snowing, or blowing, or (when) invasion by animals and besieging by men take place, what shall the Mazdayasnians do ? 38 Section II.