Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission Junior Certificate 2019 Marking Scheme Classical Studies Ordinary Level Note to teachers and students on the use of published marking schemes Marking schemes published by the State Examinations Commission are not intended to be standalone documents. They are an essential resource for examiners who receive training in the correct interpretation and application of the scheme. This training involves, among other things, marking samples of student work and discussing the marks awarded, so as to clarify the correct application of the scheme. The work of examiners is subsequently monitored by Advising Examiners to ensure consistent and accurate application of the marking scheme. This process is overseen by the Chief Examiner, usually assisted by a Chief Advising Examiner. The Chief Examiner is the final authority regarding whether or not the marking scheme has been correctly applied to any piece of candidate work. Marking schemes are working documents. While a draft marking scheme is prepared in advance of the examination, the scheme is not finalised until examiners have applied it to candidates’ work and the feedback from all examiners has been collated and considered in light of the full range of responses of candidates, the overall level of difficulty of the examination and the need to maintain consistency in standards from year to year. This published document contains the finalised scheme, as it was applied to all candidates’ work. In the case of marking schemes that include model solutions or answers, it should be noted that these are not intended to be exhaustive. Variations and alternatives may also be acceptable. Examiners must consider all answers on their merits, and will have consulted with their Advising Examiners when in doubt. Future Marking Schemes Assumptions about future marking schemes on the basis of past schemes should be avoided. While the underlying assessment principles remain the same, the details of the marking of a particular type of question may change in the context of the contribution of that question to the overall examination in a given year. The Chief Examiner in any given year has the responsibility to determine how best to ensure the fair and accurate assessment of candidates’ work and to ensure consistency in the standard of the assessment from year to year. Accordingly, aspects of the structure, detail and application of the marking scheme for a particular examination are subject to change from one year to the next without notice. SECTION A The Greek World Topic 1 – The Wrath of Achilles (a) (i) Poetry that is spoken. Poetry that is passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth. (ii) Priam (iii) Wife of Priam (iv) He was the son of Zeus and was killed by Patroclus. He’s leader of the Lycians. (v) Zeus put the lives of Hector and Achilles on his golden scales. (vi) Either Xanthus (Scamander) or Simois (3 × 8 marks) (b) (i) Andromache (8 marks) (ii) Astyanax/Scamandrius (8 marks) (iii) The Death of Hector The Trojans have made it safely inside that gates of Troy but Hector remained outside determined to fight Achilles. Priam and Hecabe pleaded with him to come inside the gates, but he refused to retreat. He thought about his options while Achilles approached. He knew if he went inside he would be seen as cowardly especially by Polydamas because he had not taken his advice and ordered a withdrawal of the Trojans into the town. He thought about returning Helen and all her property to Agamemnon and Menelaus, and dividing up everything else and giving it to the Greeks. But then he realised that Achilles would never accept and resolved to fight Achilles. Achilles came upon Hector, Hector panicked and fled with Achilles chasing after him. They ran around Troy three times. Athene disguised herself as Hector’s brother Deiphobus and Hector thinking he had his brother to help him approached Achilles. He told Achilles he had made up his mind to kill him. He asked Achilles that the body of the loser be given up for burial to which Achilles refused. Hector hit the centre of Achilles shield but rebounded. He shouted to Deiphobus to give him a spear but Deiphobus had gone and then he realised that Athene had tricked him. Achilles aimed for Hector’s weak spot where the armour did not protect him. He drove his spear through Hector’s neck. As he lay dying Hector asked Achilles to give his body back for burial but Achilles refused again. Achilles then sliced into the tendons of Hector’s feet, inserted straps and tied Hector to the back of his chariot. He then took Hector back to the Greek camp. (10 marks) (iv) Candidates could focus on Hector’s love of his family, mentioning Andromache Astyanax and kind treatment of Helen ,also his determination to fight and protect the Trojans. He could have gone back inside the walls of Troy when his parents pleaded with him to return but chose to confront Achilles even though he was terrified. 1 No/ When Hector was confronted by a better figher and he ran away from Achilles in front of his family and people and behaved like a coward. It was his job to protect his people and family. Candidates could also take the middle line. (6 marks) (c) (i) As Zeus flashes lightning to herald a hail storm. (6 marks) (ii) The simile highlights the depth of Agamemnon’s anxiety about the course of the war and the impact on his army. The use of forceful weather images such as hail storm is effective. (6 marks) (iii) Candidates will most likely focus on the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles and make a judgement on that. He could be seen as a bad leader and lacking judgement for arrogantly demanding that Briseis be taken from Achilles to make up for his loss of status in losing Chryseis, thereby alienating Achilles who withdraws from the war. Candidates could argue the reverse that he was being a strong leader by showing who was in charge. (8 marks) (iv) Menelaus. (4 marks) Topic 2: Greece and Persia (a) (i) The Spartans threw them down a well and told them to get earth and water for the King from there. (ii) He advised him not to go to war with the king of the Persians. The best plan was to make sure they had command of the sea. (iii) Pheidippides, an Athenian, was sent by the Athenian generals to Sparta. When he reached Sparta the next day he told the Spartans that the Athenians needed their help at Marathon. (iv) The best of Xerxes troops, 10,000 (v) Build war ships. (vi) Whenever Xerxes, saw one of his own men achieve some feat in the battle, he inquired who did it, and his scribes wrote down the captain's name with his father and city of residence. (3 × 8 marks) (b) (i) The narrow stretch of water that separates Asia from Europe. The Persians crossed it to invade Greece. (8 marks) (ii) Combing their hair and exercising. (8 marks) (iii) Leonidas (8 marks) (iv) Apollo (8 marks) 2 (c) (i) Ionia had to be organised, Persian Europe had to be controlled, and those free Greek states which had made war on Persia had to be punished. (6 marks) (ii) Ionian cities should be measured and surveyed, regulate tributes accordingly and cities should submit quarrels for arbitration and not make war upon one another. (6 marks) (iii) To abolish despots and set up democratic governments . (6 marks) (iv) That the Persians favoured the institution of democracy. (6 marks) Topic 3: The Life and Death of Socrates (a) (i) A professional teacher of Rhetoric. (ii) He bribed the guards. (iii) 70 (iv) Meletus or Anytus or Lycon (v) They promised Apollo that if Theseus and the seven youths and seven maidens were saved they would send a solemn mission to Delos every year. (vi) Xanthippe, his wife. (3 × 8 marks) (b) (i) Failing to acknowledge the city gods, introducing new divinities and corrupting the youth. (8 marks) (ii) Socrates denies that he is a professional teacher, unlike Evenus of Paros he does not accept a fee. Socrates has been accused of failing to acknowledge the city gods, introducing new divinities and corrupting the youth. Socrates defends himself by saying that he is carrying out his activities on behalf of the god Apollo. Chaerephon had said that the oracle of Delphi said that Socrates was the wisest man and Socrates decided to check out the truth of this. That is why he went around questioning those deemed wise, poets, politicians, craftsmen, but he could not find a man wiser than he. (8 marks) (iii) Free dining in the Prytaneum or a fine. (8 marks) (iv) Admire/ His determination to search for the meaning of Apollo’s oracle, even though it made him extremely unpopular and led to his death. He could have escaped from Athens but chose not to, his courage in facing death, his poverty. Not Admire. His tendency to annoy people, his arrogance, perhaps his refusal to escape and save his life? (8 marks) 3 (c) (i) Holiness is what is agreeable to the gods. (6 marks) (ii) He likes the definition but doesn’t know yet if Euthyphro is right. (6 marks) (iii) Elenchus, Socratic method or Dialectic. (6 marks) (iv) Clever / calculating – obviously leading Euthyphro on a particular course/annoying, sounds like he already knows the answers/ tone might be commented on as arrogant. (6 marks) Topic 4: Mycenae and Troy. (a) (i) The Lion Dagger (Lion’s Hunt Dagger) (ii) Odysseus was away for 10 years, he was from Ithaca.