School of Humanities Postgraduate Course: Language Education for Refugees and Migrants Postgraduate Thesis "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. Rafaela - Evmorfia Zisi Supervisor: Foteini Englezou Patras, Greece, January, 2021 Theses remain the intellectual property of student Zisi Rafaela- Evmorfia, but in the context of open access policy they grant to the HOU a non-exclusive license to use the right of reproduction, customisation, public lending, presentation to an audience and digital dissemination thereof internationally, in electronic form and by any means for teaching and research purposes, for no fee and throughout the duration of intellectual property rights. Free access to the full text for studying and reading does not in any way mean that the author/creator shall allocate her intellectual property rights, nor shall he/she allow the reproduction, republication, copy, storage, sale, commercial use, transmission, distribution, publication, execution, downloading, uploading, translating, modifying in any way, of any part or summary of the dissertation, without the explicit prior written consent of the author. Creators retain all their moral and property rights. "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. Rafaela - Evmorfia Zisi Supervising Committee Supervisor: Co-Supervisor: Foteini Englezou Stavroula Kitsiou Patras, Greece, January 2021 Zisi Rafaela- Evmorfia, "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. Postgraduate Dissertation 4 Zisi Rafaela- Evmorfia, "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. Acknowledgments The elaboration of the present dissertation took place in the framework of the Postgraduate Studies Program Language Education for Refugees and Migrants‘ that lasted from October 2020 to February 2021. I would like to express my gratitude to all those who contributed directly or indirectly to the completion of my diploma thesis and consequently my postgraduate studies. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Mrs. Fotini Englezou. Her support and availability throughout the preparation of the work was a great help, contributing in various ways to its completion, providing, among other things, valuable advice and guidance where it was deemed necessary. And last, but by no means least, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my dear family for their support without which this task could not be completed. Postgraduate Dissertation 5 Zisi Rafaela- Evmorfia, "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................... 6 Περίληψη ................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 9 A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 10 B. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 12 I. Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers .......................................................... 12 II. The role of camps .......................................................................................... 16 III. Refugee integration policy in Greece: The case of Lesvos ................................ 19 a) The refugee integration policy of Greece ...................................................... 21 b) Europe’s integration policy in Lesvos ............................................................ 25 IV. The role of local society of Lesvos on island’s migration crisis .......................... 27 V. Moria’s camp................................................................................................ 30 a) The historical line....................................................................................... 30 b) Moria during COVID-19 .............................................................................. 33 c) The arson.................................................................................................. 34 VI. Moria’s prison ........................................................................................... 35 a) The connection of fear and anger ................................................................ 36 b) The camp of Moria- a modern prison............................................................ 38 C. THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE ....................................................................... 41 I. Language’s ideology in texts........................................................................... 44 D. THE PRESENCE OF MEDIA .................................................................................. 46 I. Discursive representation of the refugees in printed media ................................ 46 II. The language of newspapers .......................................................................... 48 E. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................................ 50 I. Critical Discourse Analysis .............................................................................. 50 a) Research method ....................................................................................... 52 II. Methodology of the study .............................................................................. 56 a) Aim and research questions ........................................................................ 56 Postgraduate Dissertation 6 Zisi Rafaela- Evmorfia, "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. III. Data Selection ........................................................................................... 57 a) Research Sample ....................................................................................... 57 b) Research Methods ..................................................................................... 61 IV. Importance of the study ............................................................................. 66 V. Limitations ................................................................................................... 67 F. RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 67 I. The characterizations of Moria camp ............................................................... 68 a) Greek newspapers ..................................................................................... 68 b) European newspapers ................................................................................ 73 II. The characterizations of refuges ..................................................................... 75 a) Greek newspapers ..................................................................................... 78 b) European newspapers ................................................................................ 83 III. Government and state mechanism attitude and the performance of its responsibilities..................................................................................................... 84 a) Greek newspapers ..................................................................................... 84 b) European press .......................................................................................... 97 IV. The local society of Lesvos ............................................................................ 103 a) Greek newspapers ................................................................................... 103 b) European newpapers ............................................................................... 109 V. The voice of refuges..................................................................................... 111 a) Greek newspapers................................................................................... 111 b) European newspapers .............................................................................. 117 G. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 120 References ............................................................................................................ 128 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................... 139 Postgraduate Dissertation 7 Zisi Rafaela- Evmorfia, "Βye bye Moria". Critical Discourse Analysis of the Greek and European press concerning the arson at Moria camp. Περίληψη Ζ Κξηηηθή Αλάιπζε Λόγνπ (ΚΑΛ) είλαη κηα κέζνδνο αλάιπζεο ιόγνπ πνπ απνζθνπεί ζηελ απνθάιπςε ηεο αιιειεμάξηεζεο κεηαμύ γιώζζαο, ηδενινγίαο θαη δύλακεο (Fairclough, 1989). ΢ηόρνο ηεο παξνύζαο έξεπλαο είλαη λα απνθηήζεη κηα επξύηεξε θαη βαζύηεξε θαηαλόεζε ησλ αλαπαξαζηάζεσλ ησλ πξνζθύγσλ ζε έληππα κέζα επηθνηλσλίαο (εθεκεξίδεο) κέζσ ηεο εθαξκνγήο ηεο ΚΑΛ, γηα λα ηνλίζεη ηελ έκθαζε ηεο αλαδξνκηθήο εθπξνζώπεζεο ηνπ εκπξεζκνύ ζηε Μόξηα ηεο Λέζβνπ θαη ησλ πξνζθύγσλ ηεο ζε άξζξα ειιεληθώλ θαη επξσπατθώλ εθεκεξίδσλ. Σα γισζζηθά ζηνηρεία είλαη απηά πνπ πξνζπαζεί λα αλαιύζεη απηή ε κειέηε, ώζηε