SADA South African Data Archive IDASA NATIONAL ELECTION SURVEY 1994 Public Opinion Service (IDASA) CODEBOOK SADA 0109 IDASA National Election Survey SADA 0109 Principal Investigator Public Opinion Service (IDASA) South African Data Archive 1998 As agreed upon in the signed ‘User Undertaking’ that accompanied this data collection: BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Any publication or other presentation based in whole or part on the data and documentation supplied by SADA must prominently use the following citation: Public Opinion Service (IDASA); IDASA National Election Survey 1994; Cape Town, South Africa: Public Opinion Service (IDASA) - producer; Pretoria: South African Data Archive - distributor, 1998. DEPOSIT OF PUBLICATIONS At least one copy of any published work or report based in whole or part on the dataset will be deposited with the South African Data Archive. Please indicate the title and number of the study utilised. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The Archive and the depositor of the dataset supplied to the user bear no legal responsibility for their accuracy or comprehensiveness. Postal Address: SOUTH AFRICAN DATA ARCHIVE National Research Foundation P.O. Box 2600 Pretoria 0001 Telephone: +27 12 481-4029 Telefax: +27 12 349-1179 Electronic mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.nrf.ac.za/sada STUDY DESCRIPTION SADA 0109: IDASA National Election Survey 1994 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Dr Robert Mattes (University Of Cape Town) Dr Amanda Gouws, (University of Stellenbosch) Dr Wilmot James (IDASA) Prof Hennie Kotze (University of Stellenbosch) DEPOSITOR: Public Opinion Service (IDASA) ORGANISATION HOUSING THE DATA: Public Opinion Service Cape Town Democracy Centre, Idasa 2nd Floor 6 Spin Street Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 (021) 461 2559 Fax: +27 (021) 461 2559 FUNDING AGENCY: United States Agency for International Development ABSTRACT: This study focussed on the 1994 general election and specifically on voting intention, attitudes towards democracy, economic evaluations and various other political issues. Questionnaires translated into English, Afrikaans, Sepedi, S.Sotho, Xhosa, Zulu, and Tswana. Interviewers were proficient in all languages of the areas in which they conducted their fieldwork. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: South Africa IMPORTANT VARIABLES: Political views, political attitudes, political activities, and political preferences amongst others. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES: Age, gender, religion, highest education, and home language amongst others UNIVERSE: All adult South Africans who were eligible to vote in the 1994 Election. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION: Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted. As there was particular interest in specific subgroups (e.g. rural Zulus and Vendas), a disproportionate stratified random sample was selected in order to obtain significant numbers of respondents in such subgroups. Respondents in households were randomly selected by means of the grid method. Only one person per household was interviewed. Another person in the household could substitute respondents, and 167 of the 2517 were so substituted. FIELDWORK: Fieldwork was conducted between 26 August and 16 September 1994. Interviews were conducted countrywide in South Africa by Market and Opinion Surveys (Pty) Ltd. The only problem encountered in the field was in KwaZulu-Natal. Interviewers were not allowed to continue with the survey before obtaining permission from the chiefs. Once permission was obtained, the survey was completed without any problems. TYPE OF INSTRUMENT: Semi-Structured Survey Personal Interviews recorded on questionnaire. UNITS OF OBSERVATION: Persons – one person per household. WEIGHTING: Due to the disproportionate sample, it was necessary to weight the data up to the universe, i.e. the South African voting public. The sample was weighted according to province, age, gender, and type of area, language, income and education and projected onto the universe. The 2,4 million voters are therefore represented by the figure 2,400. A weight variable has been included in the dataset that enables uses users to analyse either the weighted or unweighted data depending on their analysis. Please note that the frequencies and percentages reflected in this codebook are based on the unweighted data. DATE OF DATA COLLECTION: 26 August – 16 September 1994 EXTENT OF DATA COLLECTION: 1 data file (SPSS Export) + machine-readable codebook and hardcopy documentation questionnaire. Number of cases: 2 517 Number of records: 2 517 Number of records per case: 1 Logical Record Length: 80+ Number of variables: 194 Number of kilobytes: SPSS 574 KB SPSS EXPORT 1,195 KB PUBLICATIONS: Public Opinion Service Publications The Opinion Poll Theme: “Bridging the Information Gap: Dispelling Myths About the South African Electorate”. Opinion Poll, 1/1 (October 1995). Theme: “Honeymoon Is Over, Poll Shows.” Opinion Poll, 2/1 (September 1996) POS Reports “Voter education and the 1995 Local Government Election.” POS Reports 6 (March 1996). “Provincial Politics in South Africa: Powers, Performance and Public Opinion.” POS Reports 7 (April 1996). Robert Mattes, Cherrel Africa and Sean Jacobs, “The Evolution of Party Support since 1994.” POS Report 1 (February 1998). Robert Mattes, “Public Opinion and the Location of Parliament.” POS Reports 2 (February 1998). Helen Taylor and Robert Mattes, “Public Demands on Government: The People’s Agenda.” POS Reports 5 (July 1998). Popular Books Robert Mattes. The Election Book: Judgement and Choice in South Africa’s 1994 Election. Idasa Public Information Centre: Cape Town, 1995. Newspaper and Magazine Articles Robert Mattes. “Survey Unpacks April `94.“ Democracy In Action: The Journal of the Institute for Democracy In South Africa 8/7 (1994): 12-14. Robert Mattes. “Winnie’s Star Not As Bright As It May Seem.“ Johannesburg Star 19 April 1995. Robert Mattes, “Stuck In A Mould” Siyaya, 1 (Autumn 1998): 42-45. Helen Taylor and Robert Mattes, “South Africans Agree On What Need To Be Done,” Reconstruct, 16 August 1998, p. 3. Robert Mattes, “Voters Available: Anyone Want Them?” SA Insider—Political Report 1998, Ed. Jenny Cargill (Johannesburg: BusinessMap SA, September 1998). Journal Articles Robert Mattes, Amanda Gouws and Hennie Kotze. “The Emerging Party System in the New South Africa.” Party Politics 1/3 (1995): 382-384. Robert Mattes and Hermann Thiel. “Consolidation and Public Opinion In South Africa.” Journal of Democracy 9/1 (January 1998) 95-110. 6. Academic Books Robert Mattes, Hermann Thiel and Helen Taylor, “Commitment to Democracy,“ Pulse—Passages in Democracy-Building: Assessing South Africa’s Transition, eds. Wilmot James & Moira Levy. Idasa: Cape Town, 1998. Robert Mattes and Amanda Gouws. “Race, Ethnicity and Voting Behavior: Lessons From South Africa.” Elections and Conflict Resolution In Africa, eds. Andrew Reynolds & Timothy Sisk. United States Institute of Peace Press: Washington D.C., 1998. VARIABLE INFORMATION LIST OF VARIABLES IN: IDASA ELECTION 1994 DATA FILE METADATA & CONSTRUCTED VARIABLES: Name Position RECNUM 1 Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F4 Write Format: F4 Missing Values: -1 WEIGHT 2 Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F5 Write Format: F5 Missing Values: -1 VAR10 3 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 VAR20 1. Substitution 4 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 Value Label 1 Yes 2 No VAR30 1. Reason for substitution 5 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 Value Label 1 Refused 2 Empty premises 3 Not home for survey period 4 No qualifying person 5 Deaf speak only a foreign language 6 Three unsuccessful visits _ VAR40 Interviewer number 6 Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F9 Write Format: F9 Missing Values: -1 VAR50 2. PROVINCE 7 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 Value Label 1 Western Cape 2 Eastern Cape 3 Northern Cape 4 PWV 5 North West 6 Eastern Transvaal 7 Northern Transvaal 8 OFS 9 Kwa Zulu Natal VAR60 3. POPULATION SUB-GROUP 8 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 Value Label 1 Coloured Urban 2 Coloured Rural 3 White Afrikaans 4 White English 5 Xhosa Urban 6 Xhosa Rural 7 Tswana 8 Zulu Urban 9 Zulu Rural 10 Siswati 11 South Sotho 12 Black Urban 13 Zulu Hostel 14 Northern Sotho 15 Tsonga 16 Venda 17 Asian 18 Other 19 Dont know VAR61 RACE 9 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 Value Label 1 Black 2 White 3 Coloured 4 Indian VAR70 4. DISTRICT 10 Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: Unknown Alignment: Right Print Format: F3 Write Format: F3 Missing Values: -1 Value Label 1 Mitchells Plain 2 Cape Flats 3 Northern Suburbs 4 Southern Suburbs 5 Atlantic Coast 6 Guguletu-Langa Nyanga 7 Khayelitsha 8 Vredendal 9 Vredenburg- Saldanha 10 Beaufort West 11 Oudtshoorn 12 George 13 Port Elizabeth 14 East London 15 Uitenhage 16 Humansdorp 17 Kirkwood 18 Ciskei 19 Transkei 20 Kimberley 21 Calvinia 22 Nelspruit 23 Ermelo 24 Standerton 25 Brits 26 Potchefstroom 27 Klerksdorp 28 Bophuthatswana 29 Johannesburg 30 East Rand 31 West Rand 32 Pretoria 33 Soweto 34 Vereeniging 35 Pietersburg