Initial Environmental Examination Project number: 48409-002 March 2021 Cambodia: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project Subproject: For the rehabilitation of the rural roads subprojects in Dambae Rungroeung and Kdey SongKhuem Kaksekor, Tboung Khmum Province Prepared by the loan consulting firms for the Ministry of Rural Development and the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of January 2021) Currency Unit = Riel/s (KR) KR1.00 = 0.00025 $ 1.00 = KR 4,052 ABBREVIATIONS AC - Agricultural Cooperative ADB - Asian Development Bank CSES - Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey CFAVCP - Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project EA - executing agency DBST - double bitumen surface treatment EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan ESO - environmental safeguards officer GRM - grievance redress mechanism IA - implementing agency IEE - initial environment examination IEIA - initial environmental impact assessment IPM - integrated pest management IWR - irrigation water requirement MAFF - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MEF - Ministry of Economy and Finance MOE - Ministry of Environment O&M - operation and maintenance PDAFF - Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries PDWRAM - Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PIC - project implementation consultants PIU - project implementation unit project PPTA preparatory technical assistance SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement ROW - Right of Way TOR - terms of reference WHO - World Health Organization WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km - kilometer kg - kilogram ha - hectare NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States Dollars i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ i TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. 1 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 4 A. Background ...................................................................................................................... 4 B. Project Output ................................................................................................................... 4 C. Legal and Administrative Framework ................................................................................ 5 D. Description of the Project .................................................................................................. 6 E. Description of the Environment ......................................................................................... 6 F. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................... 6 G. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ................................................................ 7 H. Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................................... 7 I. Environmental Management Plan ..................................................................................... 7 I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 8 II. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 9 2.1 ADB Environmental Requirements.................................................................................... 9 2.2 Cambodian Environmental Management Laws and Guidelines ...................................... 10 2.2.1 Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management .................. 10 2.2.2 Sub-decree Environmental Impact Assessment Process ......................................... 10 2.2.3 Law on Water Resources Management ................................................................... 11 2.2.4 Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control ................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management ................................................................ 13 2.2.6 Sub-Decree on Air Pollution Control Sub-decree ..................................................... 13 2.2.7 Environmental, Health and Safety Guideline ............................................................ 14 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT ............................................................................ 14 3.1 Type and Category of Project ......................................................................................... 14 3.2 Subprojects Location ...................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Need and Justification for the Investment ....................................................................... 16 3.4 Subproject Section and Location .................................................................................... 16 3.5 Current Condition of Subproject Roads ........................................................................... 18 3.6 Technical Design and Method ......................................................................................... 23 3.6.1 Climate Change Consideration ................................................................................ 23 3.6.2 Typical Cross Section .............................................................................................. 24 3.6.3 Structural Design ..................................................................................................... 25 3.6.4 Erosion Protection ................................................................................................... 26 3.6.5 Road Safety Considerations .................................................................................... 27 IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 27 4.1 Physical Resources ........................................................................................................ 27 4.1.1 Geography ............................................................................................................... 27 4.1.2 Climatic Condition .................................................................................................... 27 4.1.3 Climate Change Scenarios ...................................................................................... 28 4.1.4 Topography and Soils .............................................................................................. 29 4.1.5 Air Quality and Noise. .............................................................................................. 30 4.1.6 Water Quality ........................................................................................................... 30 4.1.7 Land Use ................................................................................................................. 30 4.1.8 Vegetation ............................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Biological Resources ...................................................................................................... 31 4.2.1 Protected Areas, Forests and Wildlife ...................................................................... 31 4.2.2 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................. 32 4.2.3 Unexploded Ordnance ............................................................................................. 32 4.3 Socio-Economic Resources ............................................................................................ 33 4.3.1 Demography ............................................................................................................ 33 1 4.3.2 Livelihoods ............................................................................................................... 33 4.3.3 School and Pagoda ................................................................................................. 34 4.3.4 Crop Production ....................................................................................................... 34 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................... 35 5.1 Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits ................................................................... 35 5.2 Environmental Measures during Pre-Construction Phase ............................................... 36 5.3 Environmental Measures