( 12 ) United States Patent

( 12 ) United States Patent

US010127346B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 127 ,346 B2 Dewey et al . (45 ) Date of Patent: Nov . 13 , 2018 (54 ) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR Fan et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy by shotgun INTERPRETING A HUMAN GENOME USING sequencing DNA from maternal blood Proceedings of the National A SYNTHETIC REFERENCE SEQUENCE Academy of Sciences USA vol. 16266 - 16271 (2008 ) . * Chen et al. -717A > G polymorphism of human C - reactive protein ( 75 ) Inventors: Frederick Dewey , Redwood City , CA gene associated with coronary heart disease in ethnic Han Chinese : (US ) ; Euan A . Ashley , Menlo Park , CA the Beijing atherosclerosis study Journal of Molecular Medicine (US ) ; Matthew Wheeler, Sunnyvale , vol. 83 , pp . 72 -78 ( 2005 ). * CA (US ) ; Michael Snyder , Stanford , Wheeler et al. The complete genome of an individual by massively CA (US ) ; Carlos Bustamante , Emerald parallel DNA sequencing Nature vol. 452 , j pp . 872 -877 ( 2008 ). * Hills , CA (US ) Candore et al . Pharmacogenomics : A Tool to Prevent and Cure Coronary Heart Disease Current Pharmaceutical Design vol. 13 pp . ( 73 ) Assignee : The Board of Trustees of the Leland 3726 - 3734 ( 2007 ) . * Stanford Junior University , Stanford , Dewey et al . Phase Whole -Genome Genetic Risk in a Family CA (US ) Quartet Using a Major Allele Reference Sequence PLoS Genetics vol. 7 , article e1002280 ( 2011 ) . * ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this Abecasis et al. , “ Merlin — rapid analysis of dense genetic maps patent is extended or adjusted under 35 using sparse gene flow trees ” , Nature Genetics , Jan . 2002 , vol. 30 , U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 978 days . pp . 97 - 101. Adzhubei et al. , “ A method and server for predicting damaging ( 21 ) Appl. 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CI. for disease association studies in the extended human MHC ” , Nat GO6F 19 / 12 (2013 .01 ) ; G06F 19 / 18 Genet 38 , 1166 - 1172 (2006 ) . ( 2013 . 01 ) ; G06F 19 / 24 ( 2013 .01 ) ; GOON 5 / 02 Donnelly, “ The Probability that Related Individuals Share Some ( 2013 .01 ) ; G06F 19 /22 (2013 . 01 ) Section of Genome Identical by Descent” , Theoretical Population (58 ) Field of Classification Search Biology, 1983 , vol. 23 , pp . 34 -63 . CPC . .. C12Q 1 /6883 ; C120 2600 / 172 ; C120 Durbin et al. , “ A map of human genome variation from population 2600 / 118 ; G06F 19 / 18 ; G06F 19 /22 ; scale sequencing ” , Nature 467 , 1061 - 1073 (2010 ) . G06F 19 / 24 ; G06F 19 / 3437 ; G06F (Continued ) 19 /3443 See application file for complete search history . Primary Examiner - John S Brusca ( 56 ) References Cited (74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — KPPB LLP U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS ABSTRACT 8 ,008 ,013 B2 8 / 2011 Gaffney et al. (57 ) 8 , 163, 896 B1 4 / 2012 Bentwich et al. 2004 /0161779 Al 8 / 2004 Gingeras In an embodiment of the present invention , three novel 2012 / 0059594 Al 3 / 2012 Hatchwell et al . human reference genome sequences were developed based 2013 /0116930 A1 5 / 2013 Karczewski et al . on the most common population -specific DNA sequence 2013 /0116931 A15 / 2013 Karczewski et al. (“ major allele ” ) . Methods were developed for their integra tion into interpretation pipelines for highthroughput whole OTHER PUBLICATIONS genome sequencing . Shendure et al. Next- generation DNA sequencing Nature Biotech nology vol. 26 , pp . 1135 - 1145 ( 2008 ). * 7 Claims, 71 Drawing Sheets US 10 ,127 ,346 B2 Page 2 ( 56 ) References Cited Ng et al. , “ Accounting for Human Polymorphisms Predicted to Affect Protein Function ” , Genome Research , 2002 , vol. 12 , pp . 436 - 446 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Ng et al ., “ Predicting the Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions on Protein Function ” , Annu . Ref . 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Klein et al ., “ Estimation of the warfarin dose with clinical and Ridker et al. , “ Interrelation of hyperhomocyst( e ) inemia , factor V pharmacogenetic data ” , N Engl J Med 360 , 753 - 764 ( 2009 ) . Lei den , and risk of future venous thromboembolism ” , Circulation Kong et al ., “ Fine -scale recombination rate differences between 95 , 1777 -1782 (1997 ) . sexes, populations and individuals ” , Nature 467, 1099 - 1103 (2010 ) . Ridker et al ., “ Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V Kong et al ., “ Parental origin of sequence variants associated with and the risk ofmyocardial infarction , stroke , and venous thrombosis complex diseases " , Nature 462, 868 -874 ( 2009 ) . in apparently healthy men ” , N Engl J Med 332, 912 - 917 ( 1995 ) . Kong et al. , “ Sequence variants in the RNF212 gene associate with Rivas et al. , " Secondary structure alone is generally not statistically genome- wide recombination rate” , Science 319 , 1398 -1401 (2008 ) . significant for the detection of noncoding RNAs" , Bioinformatics Koster et al . , “ Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response 1999 ; V 16 No . 7 : 583 -605 . to activated protein C : Leiden Thrombophilia Study ” , Lancet 342 , Roach et al. , “ Analysis of genetic inheritance in a family quartet by 1503 - 1506 ( 1993 ) . whole -genome sequencing” , Science 328 , 636 -639 (2010 ) . Kruglyak et al . , “ Parametric and Nonparametric Linkage Analysis :

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