CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR THE LINCOLN HEIGHTS JAIL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: City of Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering Environmental Management Group 1149 S. Broadway, Suite 600 Los Angeles, California 90015-2213 Prepared by: AECOM 401 West A Street, Suite 1200 San Diego, California 92101 Authors: Jeremy Hollins, M.A. Monica Mello, M.A. Linda Kry, B.A. September 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 Report Organization ............................................................................................................ 1 Project Description.............................................................................................................. 1 Project Location .................................................................................................................. 2 Regulatory Setting .............................................................................................................. 2 State Regulations ....................................................................................................... 2 Local Regulations ...................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT SETTING..........................................................................................11 Environmental Setting ...................................................................................................... 11 Cultural Setting ................................................................................................................. 11 Prehistory ................................................................................................................. 11 Paleo-Indian Period.................................................................................................. 11 Early Period (5000 to 3000 B.C.) ............................................................................ 11 Middle Period (3000 B.C. to A.D. 1000) ................................................................ 12 Late Period (A.D. 1000 to 1782) ............................................................................. 12 Historic Context ................................................................................................................ 13 Development of Lincoln Heights ............................................................................. 14 Lincoln Heights Jail and the Evolution of the Los Angeles Jail System ................. 15 Bloody Christmas .................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ..................................................................................21 Cultural Resources Records Search .................................................................................. 21 Supplemental Research ..................................................................................................... 23 California Department of Transportation Historic Bridge Inventory ...................... 23 Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments ............................................................. 24 Sacred Lands File Search and Native American Contact ................................................. 24 Other Archival Research ................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY SURVEY ....27 Archaeological Survey Methodology ............................................................................... 27 Archaeological Survey Results ......................................................................................... 27 Architectural History Survey Methodology ...................................................................... 27 Architectural History Survey Results ............................................................................... 28 Architectural Description ......................................................................................... 28 Character-Defining Features .................................................................................... 31 Historical Evaluation ............................................................................................... 32 Integrity Analysis ..................................................................................................... 37 Summary .................................................................................................................. 38 Cultural Resources Assessment for Lincoln Heights Jail Page i CHAPTER 5 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................39 Archaeological Recommendations ................................................................................... 39 Architectural History Recommendations .......................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 6 PROJECT PERSONNEL ...................................................................................43 REFERENCES CITED ...............................................................................................................45 APPENDICES A Native American Contact B DPR 523 Forms C Records Search D Photographs Page ii Cultural Resources Assessment for Lincoln Heights Jail LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Regional Location Map....................................................................................................... 4 2 Project Location Map ........................................................................................................ 10 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Previous Surveys Conducted within 0.25 Mile of the Project Area ................................. 21 2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within 0.25 Mile of the Project Area .............. 23 3 Historic Bridges within 250 feet of the Project Area ........................................................ 24 4 Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments within 250 feet of the Project Area ............. 24 LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 1 Lincoln Heights Jail, 401 Avenue 19, view facing east (1936, Los Angeles Public Library) ............................................................................................................................. 29 2 Lincoln Heights Jail 1949 Modern addition, view facing southwest (Undated, City of Los Angeles) ........................................................................................ 29 Cultural Resources Assessment for Lincoln Heights Jail Page iii Page iv Cultural Resources Assessment for Lincoln Heights Jail EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This following report has been prepared by AECOM as part of the Cultural Resources Assessment for the Lincoln Heights Jail and has been completed in compliance with the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City of Los Angeles is considering the potential redevelopment of the Lincoln Heights Jail (project), located at 401 Avenue 19, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County (Assessor’s Parcel Number 5447-005-900). The building is currently vacant and has not been used as a jail since 1965. Most recently, in 2014, the building was used as a theater and temporary administrative offices for a nonprofit organization. Future tenant(s) at the Lincoln Heights Jail will be required to bring the building and its systems into compliance with current codes and standards, including those related to the Americans with Disabilities Act, fire and life safety, earthquake, and elevators. The purpose of this assessment is to provide information on the presence and significance of cultural resources located within the project area, consisting of the Lincoln Heights parcel, and is intended to help guide future decisions regarding the redevelopment of the Lincoln Heights Jail. As part of this assessment, AECOM conducted archival research and completed surveys to identify cultural resources within the project area. Additionally, AECOM also conducted a cultural resources records search at the South Central Coastal Information Center housed at California State University, Fullerton, and supplemental research with various agencies and groups. The records search and supplemental research revealed that the entirety of the project area has been previously surveyed and evaluated. The Lincoln Heights Jail building is the only known or recorded cultural resource previously identified within the project area and is currently listed as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (LAHCM) 587. AECOM contacted tribal parties interested in the property for information regarding Native American cultural resources within or near the project area, and to solicit any concerns. A letter was sent to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on July 1, 2016, to request a Sacred Lands File search. The NAHC responded by email on July 6, 2016. The NAHC identified 13 Native American representatives who may have knowledge of resources in or near the project area. Each of these individuals was contacted by letter or email on July 7, 2016. Those who did not respond were contacted by telephone on July 15, 2016. In the course of the follow-up calls, three individuals provided limited information concerning Native American cultural resources in the area, and expressed concerns regarding the sensitivity