Specialeafhandling Efteråret 2014 Martin Stokkebro Moestrup Udenomssnak eller gode argumenter? - En analyse af politikerinterviews på TV Specialeafhandling efteråret 2014 Martin Stokkebro Moestrup Vejleder: Leif Becker Jensen 1 Specialeafhandling Efteråret 2014 Martin Stokkebro Moestrup Abstract This thesis focuses on interviews with politicians on TV. It describes how the politicians do not always give a straight answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Furthermore it looks into what it takes for the interviewer to get good arguments out of the politicians. The thesis analyses six interviews on two news programs on the Danish Broadcasting Corporation. As analytical tools it uses Stephen Toulmins model for good arguments as well as theory on interviews. The thesis concludes that the politicians in fact do use various techniques to avoid answering the questions asked by the interviewer. In many cases this could have been avoided though if the interviewer had phrased her question in a better way. The thesis all in all concludes that there is room for improvement for both politicians and interviewers. The interviewers need to ask better questions and show more presence during the interviews because this enables them to act when the politicians try to avoid answering a critical question. The politicians on the other hand are too scared of saying something which will hit the headlines the next day that they often avoid saying anything meaningful at all. 2 Specialeafhandling Efteråret 2014 Martin Stokkebro Moestrup Indholdsfortegnelse Problemfelt ................................................................................................................................ 5 Problemformulering: .......................................................................................................................... 9 Metodeafsnit ........................................................................................................................... 11 Specialets opbygning ........................................................................................................................ 11 Casestudiet af de seks interviews ............................................................................................................ 12 Om udvælgelsen af empirien .................................................................................................................. 13 Om forskerrollen og videnskabsteoretiske overvejelser ......................................................................... 13 Kritik af – og forsvar for - Toulmin ........................................................................................................... 14 Afgrænsning............................................................................................................................................. 15 Teoriafsnit ............................................................................................................................... 15 De svarer ikke .................................................................................................................................. 15 Newspeak og omvendt lommetyveri ...................................................................................................... 16 Framing – Forudsætninger og underforståelser ..................................................................................... 16 Spekulationer om de andres nederdrægtigheder ................................................................................... 17 Stråmænd plantes i stor stil ..................................................................................................................... 18 De svarer ikke – men misforstår gerne.................................................................................................... 19 Forskydninger hos Løkke og Thorning ..................................................................................................... 19 Interviewteori .................................................................................................................................. 22 Nyhedskriterier ................................................................................................................................ 22 Aktualitet ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Identifikation ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Sensation ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Konflikt ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Væsentlighed ........................................................................................................................................... 24 Interviewteknik ................................................................................................................................ 24 – Tag styringen ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Den farlige subjektivitet .......................................................................................................................... 25 Dårlige spørgsmål giver dårlige svar – og omvendt ................................................................................ 26 Forberedelse er essentielt ....................................................................................................................... 28 De professionelle kilder ........................................................................................................................... 29 At vurdere argumenter ............................................................................................................................ 30 Toulmins argumentationsmodel ....................................................................................................... 31 Demonstratio og Argumentatio .............................................................................................................. 31 Toulmins model ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Den udvidede model ............................................................................................................................... 33 Argumentrækker og hierarkier ................................................................................................................ 34 Modellen i praksis .................................................................................................................................... 35 Analyseafsnit ........................................................................................................................... 36 Disposition over analysen ................................................................................................................. 36 Styring med interviewet .......................................................................................................................... 36 3 Specialeafhandling Efteråret 2014 Martin Stokkebro Moestrup Gode argumenter .................................................................................................................................... 36 Arbejdsspørgsmål .................................................................................................................................... 36 Guide til læseren ..................................................................................................................................... 37 TV-Avisen vs. Deadline ............................................................................................................................ 37 Interview med social- og integrationsminister Manu Sareen (R)......................................................... 38 Rammen om interviewet: ........................................................................................................................ 38 Vinklingen på optakt til interviewet ........................................................................................................ 39 Vinklingen på interviewet ........................................................................................................................ 39 Nyhedskriterier ........................................................................................................................................ 39 Manu Sareens argumentation ................................................................................................................. 40 Styringen med interviewet ...................................................................................................................... 40 Opsummering .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Interview med IT-ordfører for Venstre Michael Aastrup Jensen ......................................................... 42 Rammen om interviewet: ........................................................................................................................ 43 Vinklingen på optakt til interviewet .......................................................................................................