THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES lan A P ned by J . N . F R QUHAR , M . A D . Litt . D D . (Aberdeen) . Ri R V . H The ght everend . S AZ AR I A , LL . D a Bishop of Dorn kal . Joi nt K E . C . DEWI C , M . A . (Cantab . ) E ditors . AN LY M a J N C G GU , . A (Birmingh m) , - a Darsan S stri . Already pub li c/zed. f He ar o Bu ism . S . D .Litt . a a The t ddh K J AUNDERS , M A (C nt b . ) i 2 r o f a are se e ra e u P B . Hi o n L ur d ed . E . I A A st y K t t , . R CE , . S e . k a s ud ed . B I I H i . The sam hy y t m , z A ERR EDALE KE T , D . L tt ( Oxo n . ) 2 ed . S . MA AI L . Aso k a , ud JAME M CPH , M A M D in in . 2nd e d . rinc i a Y O u . Indian Pa t g P p l PE R C BR W N , Calc tta f a th S ai . i ra i n s NI O I O . Psalms o M t C L MACN C L , M A , D L tt . f in i i e a u e . r F E . Li . H o H L r . A isto ry d t t . KEAY , M A , D tt a B The Karm A . ERRIEDALE KEITH , Tami ai e S ai . S vi . B . H o f he I . s t n s B A a d G E . ymn l t t F K NGS URY , , n P M . A . PHILLI S , ranath Ta o re . E DW AR D THO P O M . O on . Ph . D . R ab ind g M S N , A . ( x ) i a . o he e . H H r t v A A O M . A Ph D on ymns f m R g d A M CD NELL , , LL . D . a a Bu a . M . i . a a . Gaut m ddh K J SAUNDERS , A D L tt (C nt b ) s f n i a . The C o in o I d C J BROW N , M . A n ian ome n . R . Poe m s b y I d W M S . MACNICOL i u . ai R e i o s L ric s Sfikta THO P M . Be ng l l g y , E DW ARD M SON , A . and . M . P Ph D . , A S ENCER . si a S anskri i e a ure 2 . Clas c l t L t r t , ud e d A BERRIEDALE KEITH , . i on . D L tt . ( Ox ) u . P . The M sic o f Indi a H A OPLE Y , B . A ‘ ' u fi r am z n S bfeu s firoz osed and volu mes u nder fi ep t o . HIS TOR Y AN D THE HE R ITAGE . a ri The E rly Pe od . The Gup ta Pe riod . u . a c u a . The Mog l Pe riod . DR S . K DATTA , C l tt L S PH E S THE PHI O O I . Hin u i oso . An n o uc ion to . N H I tr d t d Ph l phy J . FARQU AR and inc i a OH M Z I E Bom a Pr p l J N CKEN , b y . i e anis a s . H. Se e c ons rom th U . M H I f l t f p h d ARR SON , Ja fna . f he ai Bu is m o t B . The S s e oo ks o . y t P l ddh t Pr f V LESNY , Prague . FINE AR T AN D MUSIC . Indian Arc hite c ture . I a u u e . D . Miss S . KR AMR I ndi n Sc lpt r r SCH , Calc utt a . i o . inc i a B O The M n r Arts Pr p l PERCY R W N , Calc utta . IO HIE S O E MINE NT IND ANS B GRAP F I . a anu a . R . OTTO Ma u . R m j Pro f , rb ry Akbar. VE R NACULAR LITE R ATUR E . H. P P E . The Kurral A O L Y B A Ma ura an . , d , d K . T PAUL , B . A S ale m . s f A . S . H P . H n o the vars . M . OO M m . A y l J ER , M , adras . ' ’ s R d d a z a in Minia u . u si Das m re . G . T l y z t J DANN , M A . n a i R e i io us L ic s Vais na a. E . T Be g l l g yr , h v HOMPSON , and A . M. i a i e a u . a am De o on L re . a a v E H B . M l y l t l t r t C ABRA AM , D . Se rampore . HISTOR IE S OF VE R NACULAR LITE R ATUR E . e i . a . B ngal C S PATERSON , M A , C lc utta Guj arati . Marathi . Tami". P . Mal ayalam T . K JOSE H , B A , L T , Trivandrum D . i . Urdu . T . GRAHAME BAILEY . L tt . T PE an o . Burmese . Pro f UNG , R g on VARIOUS . an m e Le e n s . T . B . Indi Te pl g d K PAUL , A Indian As tro nomy and Chro nology. L a o f n ia. o . R . L . T . The angu ges I d Pr f URNER , Lo ndo n I ian Dra a . o . M . I I . The nd m Pr f W NTERN TZ , Prague ri Li e a u e . i nc i a A . O La e . Prak t t r t r Pr p l C WO LNER , ho r EDITOR IAL PR EFACE na re re n w a soe ve in s are rue Fi lly, b th , h t r th g t , e whatsoe ve r thi ngs are honourabl , whatsoe ve r i us a soe ve in s are ure a so th ngs are j t , wh t r th g p , wh t s e e a soe ve in s are f e ve r thi ng ar lov ly , wh t r th g o if e re b e an vi ue and if e e b e good re po rt th y rt , th r an raise ink on ese in s . y p , th th th g N O section of the population of India c an afford to a f neglect her ancient heri tage . The tre sures o knowledge , are a Wisdom , and beauty which cont ined in her literature , a are philosophy , art , and regul ted life too precious to b e lost . Every citizen of India ne eds to use them , if he is to be a cultured modern Indi an . This is as true of the Chris Z a as tian , the Muslim , the oro strian of the Hindu . But , while the heritage of India has been largely explored by f a scholars , and the results o their toil are l id out for us in books , they cannot be said to be really available for the ordinary man . The volumes are in most cases expensive , ri and are often technical and diff i cult . Hence this se es of c heap books has been planned by a group o f Christian men , in order that every educated Indi an , whether rich or poor , ’ may be able to find hi s way into the treasures of Indi a s a Ma . a p st ny Europe ns , both in India and elsewhere , will a doubtless be gl d to use the series . The utmost c are is being taken by the General Editors in selecting writers, and in passing manuscripts for the press . To every book two tests are rigi dly applied : every i a and th ng must be schol rly , everything must be sym a p thetic . The purpose is to bring the best out of the ancient treasuries , so that it may be known , enjoyed , and used . THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES A HI STO R Y OF TE LUG U LI TE R ATUR E CHENCH H M . P IA , . L AND ’ HUJANGA RAo H U RAJA M . B BA AD R FOREWORD BY C . MR . R ONBLE . R DD H Y M. A. THE E , VI CE C HA N C E L L OR OF THE AN D H R A UN I V E R S I TY CALC UTTA : THE ASSOCIATION PR ESS LONDON : O" FOR D UNIVER SITY PR ESS N E W YOR K TOR ONTO ME LB OUR NE BOMB AY CALCUTTA MADR AS DEDICATION K R I S TE R PAN AM FOR EW OR D I HAVE cursorily glanced through the Hi story of Telu gu h n L i te ra tu re by Mr. Che nc hiah and R aja B uja ga R ao , and ’ have been much struck by the authors grasp o f the subject and broad illuminating views . ’ a Mr. R ice s book on K a narese L i tera tu re opened wh t to South Indians must have appeared as a new way of treating literary histori es ; and the present authors have benefited ’ a to the full by Mr.