BRADING HERITAGE ASSET RENOVATION ASSESSMENT December 2013 Dr. Ruth Waller, Past Wight Heritage Consultancy, 186 Newport Road, Cowes,PO317PU Tel: 01983 292505 Report Ref: PW/2013/02 0 Introduction: This report contains the results of an archaeological assessment of the need for renovation of the Heritage Assets within Brading Parish which were recorded by the Heritage Audit of Brading Parish commissioned by Brading Town Council to inform the Heritage chapter of the Brading Neighbourhood Plan. There are 292 Heritage Assets within Brading Parish recorded in the 2013 Brading Heritage Audit (Past Wight, 2013). All 292 Heritage Assets are include in Appendix 1 on page 12. When referred to in the text, the HER number is included in brackets after the description of the Heritage Assets. Some Heritage Assets have been excluded from the Renovations Assessment. Forty nine of the Heritage Assets are undated and fifty-one documentary and artefact only Heritage Assets are not included in this renovation assessment. The remaining 192 Heritage Assets in Brading Parish are described by period and type in the table below: Archaeological Period Buildings Earthworks Buried remains 20 th Century 7 2 0 19 th Century 43 2 0 18 th Century 65 1 0 17 th Century 12 0 1 16 th Century 0 2 0 Medieval (1066 to 1485 AD) 3 3 13 Saxon (c 400 to 1066 AD) 0 0 1 Roman (43 to c400 AD) 1 2 8 Iron Age (c 700 BC to 43 AD) 0 2 5 Bronze Age (c 2300 to 700 BC) 0 7 5 Neolithic (c 4000 to 2300 BC) 0 0 8 ©Past Wight Page 1 Description of Heritage Assets in renovation assessment: 20 th Century Heritage Assets: There are seven buildings and two earthworks dated to the 20 th Century. They include a 2nd World War pillbox (HER 3237), the war memorial (HER 4901), the Non- conformist chapel (HER 4419), the new Town hall (HER 7602), Brading Primary School (HER 7628), the reservoir on Brading Down (HER 7854) and the Manor House at Morton (HER 13612). Both of the 20 th Century earthworks are military in nature with the pre-1925 military practice trenches (HER 4879) and a small area of zig-zag trenching (HER 7160). 19 th Century Heritage Assets: There are forty-three 19 th Century buildings and two earthworks surviving within the parish of Brading. There are fifteen 19 th Century Houses at Old Morton Road (HER 6273), The Mall (HERs 13599, 13600, 13601, 13603, 13604, 13605), a terrace of 6 cottages on the west side of High Street (HER 13621), Lower Adgestone Road (HER 13564), Adgestone Road (HER 13590), Rowborough Lane (HER 13653), Carpenters Road (HER 13654), Nunwell estate cottages (HERs 14745, 14695), West Street (HER 14611) and Yarbridge (HER 14537). There are three 19 th Century shops with two along the High Street (HERs 13625, 13632) and William Warder’s shoemaking shop which was opened in 1815 on the Bull Ring (HER 14752). There are three 19 th Century Non-Conformist chapels which evidence the major role that Brading resident Mary Toms, wife of William Warder played in Non-Conformist religious history. William Warder’s preaching chapel on rented land at West Street, beside his shoemaking shop, was built in 1836 for his wife Mary Toms, a Bible-Christian missionary sent to the Island in 1823 (HER 14751),. A Congregational Chapel was built on the Mall in 1848 (HER 4279) and the earlier Bible Christian church was replaced by a larger Bible Christian Chapel which was built in 1867 (HER 4421). There are four 19 th Century railway structures HERs (939, 4280, 1179, 6669), four 19 th Century bridges (HERs 5457, 5458, 5459, 5460), one 19 th Century school (HER 5793), one 19 th Century allotment (HER 8100) and one 19 th Century coach house (HER 13674). There are ten 19 th Century Farm buildings: two Granaries (HERs 13613, 13667), four Stables (HERs 13614, 13579, 13666, 13671), two Farmhouses (HERs 13520, 13575) and two Barns (HERs 13639, 13668). The two 19 th Century earthworks are ridge and furrow predating the 1882 land reclamation (HER 1815) and the lime burning remains (HER 7984). 18 th Century Heritage Assets There are sixty-five 18 th Century buildings and one earthwork. There are eighteen 18 th Century houses with six on the High Street (HERs 13618, 13619, 13622, 13624, 13627, 13623), three on the Mall (HERs 13597, 13606 and 13599), three on West Street (HERs 13610, 13611, 13609), two each on Lower HERs (13562, 13563) and Upper (HERs 13591, 13592) Adgestone Roads with one on Coach Lane (HER 13608) and one at Yar Bridge (HER 13841). The three 18 th Century shops are all located on the High Street (HERs 13620, 13626, 13623) as are the Town hall (HER 1147) and two of the four public houses/inns (HERs 13628, 13635) with the Wheatsheaf (HER 13635) on the Bull Ring and the Angler’s Arms Inn (HER 14170), now the Yarbridge Inn, at Yarbridge. The 18 th Century pound lies to the east of the top end of High Street along Quay Lane (HER 1178). There are also thirty-six 18 th Century farm buildings within Brading Parish. Two Granaries (HERs13640, 13661), two farm buildings HERs (13638, 13645), eleven Stables (HERs 13614, 13615, 13617, 13521, 13561, 13577, 13580, 13586, 13637, 13647, 13672), a Brewhouse (HER 13587), a Cart shed (HER 13669), three Cow houses (HERs 13578, 13595, 13656), seven Barns (HERs 13576, 13596, 13588, 13646, 13655, 13660, 13673) and nine Farm houses (HERs 13616, 13085, 13559, 13560, 13636, 13648, 13652, 13659, ©Past Wight Page 2 13670). There are also two 18 th Century Lodges at Nunwell Park (HERs 14283, 14284). The 18 th Century garden earthwork (HER 3582) sits within Morton Manor. 17 th Century Heritage Assets There are twelve 17 th Century buildings which comprise three houses on the Mall (HERs 13598, 13602, 13607) and two houses around the Bull Ring (HERs 13629, 14757). One 17 th Century shop survives on the Bull Ring (HER 13634) and three 17 th Century structures survive along the High Street. The Bull Ring (HER 1145) lies at the southern end of the High Street and the Town hall and stocks (HER 1147) and gun shed HER (6078) to the north. The 17 th Century manor house survives at Nunwell (HER 10639) with its icehouse (HER 1329). One 17 th Century Farmhouse survives at Hill Farm (HER 10669). There is one area of known 17 th Century buried remains. Excavations to the rear of properties on the eastern side of High Street revealed a 17 th Century ditch (HER 7632). 16 th Century Heritage Assets There are two 16 th Century earthworks and both are part of the land reclamation at Brading Haven. A seawall probably dates to 1594 (HER 2592) and an earlier seawall dating to 1562 (HER 2595). Medieval Heritage Assets (1066 to 1485 AD) There are three Medieval buildings or structures at the northern end of High Street. They are St Mary’s Church (HER 1148) and the cross base in the churchyard (HER 1146) and the “Tudor House” at 1+2 Quay Lane (HER 10670) opposite the church. There are three Medieval earthworks which are Pillow Mounds used as rabbit warrens (HERs 2103, 2014, 2105). There are thirteen areas of Medieval buried remains within the parish of Brading. The buried remains of Medieval settlement and Manor House at Nunwell (HER 1054) survive as do areas of Medieval settlement at Barnsley (HER 1149) and Hill Farm (HER 1150). Areas of buried medieval remains in the rural parts of the Parish include HERs1051, 1052, 2062, 2061, 2325 and 5982. Buried Medieval remains in Brading Town comprise four areas to the east of High Street (HERs 6157, 6660, 7632, 1112). Saxon Heritage Assets (c 400 to 1066 AD) There is one area of buried Saxon remains (HER 5982). Roman Heritage Assets (43 to c400 AD) There is one Roman building which survives (HER 1017) as Brading Roman Villa. There are two Roman earthworks and both are field systems at Brading Down (HER 1058) and Middle West Down (HERs 1780 and 7021). There are eight areas of buried Roman remains and whilst three of these lie around the Brading Roman Villa site (HERs 1104, 5747, 8471), there are three areas of buried remains outside Brading Town (HERs 2061, 2325, 2369), and two in Brading Town’s historic core (HERs 7629 and 1112). Iron Age Heritage Assets (c 700BC to AD 43) There are two Iron Age earthworks which are the field systems which continued in use to the Roman Period (HERs 1058, 7021). Two of the five areas of Iron Age buried remains are at Brading Roman Villa (HERs 5747, 8471), whilst the remainder lie in the wider rural areas of the Parish (HERs 2429, 2061, 8340). Bronze Age Heritage Assets (c2300 to c700 BC) There are seven earthworks which date to the Bronze Age period. A track-way which could date to the Bronze Age crosses Brading Down (HER 87) and six Barrows also on the surrounding down-land (HERs 1005, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1780). ©Past Wight Page 3 There are five areas of buried Bronze Age remains which lie in the historic town core (HERs 1105, 1112), at the Brading Roman Villa Site (HER 8471) and at Brading Marshes (HERs 1161, 8340). Neolithic Heritage Assets (c4000 to 2300 AD) There are eight areas of buried remains of Neolithic date. Two lie around the Brading Roman Villa site (HERs 1015, 1016),one at Nunwell (HERs 8153) and the remainder in the rural areas of the Parish (HERs 4163, 4173, 4175, 8340, 1014).