CHAPTER 4 PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA, EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE STUDENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POST-MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP SCHEME AND THE GOVERNMENT HOSTEL FACILITY IN AND AROUND PUNE CITY CHAPTER 4 PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA, EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE STUDENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POST-MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP SCHEME AND THE GOVERNMENT HOSTEL FACILITY IN AND AROUND PUNE CITY 4.1 INTRODUCTION: The present chapter is related with profile of the Study Area selected for the Research about the status of the Higher Education of the Scheduled Castes in Pune district and implementation the of Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme for the Scheduled Caste Students and the Government Hostel Facility. As the title of the research "Socio Economic Assessment of Higher Education among Scheduled Caste Students in and around Pune City in the Period 2001-2010" suggests, Pune City and the Area around the City is Study Area of the present study. But, to study all the tehsils around the Pune city is not possible due to large scope of the study area. Hence, only Pune City, Baramati and Purandar Tehsils have been selected for the Study and mainly for the assessment of the Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme and the Government Hostel Facility. The assessment of the Schemes is based on the responses of the students and hostellers, which are discussed in the next Chapter 5 of the Data Analysis and Interpretation. Following paragraphs give brief introduction of Pune city, Baramati and Purandar tehsils. Before this, it is necessary to see briefly, the profile of Maharashtra and Pune District in Maharashtra. 4.2 PROFILE OF MAHARASHTRA STATE AND PUNE DISTRICT : 4.2.1 Profile of Maharashtra State : • Location and Geography of Maharashtra : Pune city, Baramati and Purandar are tehsils of Pune District. The District is located in the Maharashtra State. Maharashtra state is located in the Western India and has a long shore-line to its West. The State is bordered by Chhattisgarh in the East, Madhya Pradesh in the North, Karnataka in the South, Goa in the South-West, (119) Andhra Pradesh in the South-East and Gujarat in the North-West. The total area of Maharashtra is 3,07,713 sq.km. The state is divided into four Physical regions i.e. Sahyadri Mountains, Coastal Region or Konkan, Plateau Region, Satpura Mountains and Tapi-Puma Valley. The map of the Maharashtra State is given below. MAHARASHTRA ^ XKStwamf NMeiilMt i»BMT»««»M -jrqr—' --::?. AMMWn H«9pur. *><»*» /tottik, I t MUGMM Mi "^ ol*** ; ;v---V YAWIIMI MMSOU 'OflCMMlU' Pdrt'Mri^.^ I r JtH^ !:s^i!f^i/i^!^j^rm^iis. cum i& .;u Pune' OinSfiibtiJ Sma SOUfW MMOeH District ) SAnu '-.. SANGU X ROUJMI MmiiiiK ^ •»—SUte Bcpundary tatTKt 8ound«Y « State C«{MUl # Oalriet Headquarter Source: www.googleniapoflndia.co.in Population of Maharashtra State : According to the Census 2011, the population of the Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra was 1,32,75,898 out of which 67, 67,759 were males and 65,08,139 were females. The proportion of the Scheduled Castes in the total population of the State was 10.2 per cent in 2001; it has increased to 11.8 per cent in 2011 in 2 Maharashtra. In the year 2001, out of the 59 Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra, Mahar, Mang, Chamar and Bhangi together constitute 92.4 per cent of the Scheduled Caste population. Mahars are numerically the largest in the Scheduled Caste population. Mahars constitute 57.7 per cent of the Scheduled Caste (120) population; followed by 20.3 per cent Mang, 12.5 per cent Chamar, and 1.9 per 3 cent Bhangi. • Education in Maharashtra : Literacy rate in Maharashtra is 82.34 per cent as per 2011 Population Census. Apart from universalization of Elementary Education, the State Government of Maharashtra is working for the expansion of opportunities in Higher Education. It covers Agriculture, Medical, Veterinary, Pharmaceutical, Engineering etc. along with general higher education. There are twenty Universities in Maharashtra, out of which, four universities are related to Agriculture; one for Health Sciences, one for Veterinary Science and one for Technology and other 13 universities are General universities. In addition to this, there are 21 Deemed Universities in the State. For the educational development of Backward Class boys and girls, the Government of Maharashtra is implementing various schemes; it includes Free Education to Girls, Free Uniforms and Educational Equipment, Class Attendance Allowance to Tribal Students, various Scholarship Facilities, and Hostel Facilities for the Scheduled Caste students taking education in Primary to Higher Education Institutions. In Maharashtra, there are 2,387 institutions for the Arts, Science, Law and Commerce, etc. and enrolment in these institutions is 15,06,275 students in the year 2012-13. The Educational Development Index is the new concept in the field of education adopted by Maharashtra for the improvement in the educational sector. The state has ranked 17"^ in the Educational Development Index at National level in 2010- 11; the Educational Development Index Value of the Pune district is 0.705, Ratnagiri district is showing highest Educational Development Index Value of 0.855 and Beed district is the lowest i.e. 0.591. There are 35 districts in Maharashtra of which Pune District is located in Western Maharashtra. • Profile of the Pune District; The Pune District in Maharashtra has an old and bright history. It is an educational hub in Western Maharashtra. Baramati and Purandar tehsils and Pune City have played a significant role in the Maratha history and are developed tehsils in Pune district. (121) Following paragraph describes the profile of the Pune district together with the Pune City, Baramati and Purandar tehsils. The map of the Pune District is given below. It also shows area selected for the present study. PUNf j TCHSaMAP Pune City Purandar Baramati Source: www.googlemapofIndia.co.in Location and Geography : Pune district is located between 17° 14' and 10° 24' North latitude and 73° 19' and 75° 10' East longitude. It is located in the Central Western part of Maharashtra. The District has a Geographical area of 15.642 sq.km. Shirur taluka covers the largest i.e. 10 per cent area of the district. Pune district is bound by Ahmednagar district on North-East, Solapur district on South-East, Satara district on South, Raigad district on the West and Thane district on the North-West. Pune is the second largest district in the State. It covers 5.10 per cent of the total Geographical area of the State. The district is divided into three parts, viz, Ghatmatha, Maval and plateau . (122) • Population: According to 2011 Census, the total population of Pune district is 94.27 lakhs consisting of 49.36 per cent males and 44.91 per cent females, 39.00 per cent population is living in the Urban area, where as, 61 per cent population is living in the Rural area. The density of Population of Pune district is 603 per sq.km. The total Scheduled Caste population in Pune district is 11.28 lakhs; this is 12.52 per cent of the total population of the District. The information about the Scheduled Caste population in tehsils of district is given in the Table - 4.1 of this Chapter. • Administration: According to 2011 Census, the District has 14 Talukas. Pune City is the Head­ quarters of the Pune District. The District has 1 Zilla Parishad, 2 Municipal Corporations, 3 Cantonment boards, 11 Municipal Councils, 13 Panchayat Samitis and 1,407 Gram Panchayats. Local government is liable to provide essential services and implement various development plans and schemes sponsored by Central and State governments. • Economic Scenario : Net income of the State at current prices for the year 2009-10 and 2010-11 was Rs. 1,06,957 and Rs.l, 27,176 respectively. It was 11.43 per cent and 11.08 per cent of Net State Income. The Per Capita Income of the District was Rs. 1,11,637 in the year 2009-10, which was higher than the Average Per Capita Income of Maharashtra i.e. Rs.74,027. • Educational Institutions : Savitribai Phule Pune University, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Symbiosis etc. provide courses in Arts, Commerce, Science, Medical Science, Engineering, Computer Technology, etc. Other than these, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Karve Women's Education Institute, C-DAC, lUCCA, Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Gokhale Institute, SNDT University, etc. are the Unique educational and research institutes. There are 48 Grantable Colleges of Arts, Science and Commerce, Education and Law in Pune Urban area and 49 Grantable Colleges in the Rural area. (123) 4.3 PROFILE OF STUDY AREA - PUNE CITY, BARAMATI AND PURANDAR TEHSIL : 4.3.1 Profile of Pune City : • Historical Background of the Pune City : Pune was referred as 'Punaka Vishay' and 'Punya Vishay' and the City itself was known as Punakawadi. According to the historical evidences, the original name of the City may be Punyapur. For a long time, Pune was ruled by Muslim rulers. Shahaji Bhonsale {Chatrapati Shivaji's father) was Subhedar of Pune till the year 1630. After the end oi Peshwa rule in the year 1818, Pune was ruled by British. Today Pune city is famous as IT hub and an industrialized city. • Location, Geography and Climate : Pune City is a plateau city, located near the Western margin of the Deccan plateau at 18° 13' North latitude and 73° 51' East longitude and about 160 km South-East of Mumbai. Pune city lies around the banks of Mula and Mutha rivers. Two other rivers, Pavana and Indrayani, flow to the North-Eastem borders of the Pune Urban area. The Pune city is surrounded by hills on the East and South.